Software Testing Guide

What is 'Agile Testing'

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Agile testing is a software testing practice that follows the principles of agile software development. Agile testing does not emphasize testing procedures and focuses on ongoing testing against newly developed code until quality software from an end customer's perspective results. Agile testing is built upon the philosophy that testers need to adapt to rapid deployment cycles and changes in testing patterns.

Overview

Agile testing involves testing from the customer perspective as early as possible, testing early and often as code becomes available and stable enough, since working increments of the software are released often in agile software development. This is commonly done by using automated acceptance testing to minimize the amount of manual labor involved.

Tips To Improve Software Testing Process & Practice

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Improving the testing process is not the responsibility of test team only. It is a joint effort of Development & Testing team and Management to understand the health of existing testing process and identify the necessary measures to improve it.

Points for Leads, Test Managers, Project Managers and Delivery Heads:

Identify all the platforms on which application will be run.
Improve requirements management process – business & functional requirements should be well documented. Involve testing team in requirement gathering phase.
Create a document / list of all possible scenarios before writing test cases. Include it into test planning.
Measure testing effort on periodical basis – New Bug Rate, Effort Variance, Schedule Variance, Test Case Effectiveness, Residual defect density etc.
Keep developers away from test environments.
Post mortem meetings must be planned after every release. Both testing & development teams should participate in these meetings.
Keep track of bug fixing time taken by development team. Keep informed about the time remaining for regression testing to relevant stack holders. Tracking of this point by relevant stack holders is very critical as it may result in low quality releases.

Points for Software Testers:

Try to understand the logic behind the screen and try to break that logic. Understand the internal workings of code from developers during lunch time or tea breaks.
Analyse test results thoroughly. Try to identify root cause from functional perspective.
Break the application into smaller functional modules.
First write test cases for valid conditions, then cover invalid conditions.
While writing test cases, refer design documents as well.
As soon as you complete the test case writing, share test case with development team. It could result in time saving.
During test case writing phase, group test cases using impact analysis. It will help in effective regression testing in less time.
If you are new tester for a old development team, have a look on old bug reports of modules / project where development worked previously. Generally developers, repeat similar mistakes.
Test the application for both implicit as well as explicit requirements.
Never communicate bugs verbally. For any critical / show stopper bugs, have an immediate discussion & then document via mail and share it to relevant stack holders.

Test Object Model

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Test Object Model

The test object model is a large set of object types or classes that QuickTest uses to represent the objects in your application. Each test object class has a list of identification properties that QuickTest can learn about the object, a sub-set of these properties that can uniquely identify objects of that class, and a set of relevant operations that QuickTest can perform on the object.

A test object is an object that QuickTest creates in the test to represent the actual object in your application. QuickTest stores information on the object that will help it identify and check the object during the run session.

A run-time object is the actual object in your application on which methods are performed during the run session.

When QuickTest learns an object in our application, it adds the corresponding test object to an object repository, which is a storehouse for objects. we can add test objects to an object repository in several ways.

When you add an object to an object repository, QuickTest:

• Identifies the QuickTest test object class that represents the learned object and creates the appropriate test object.

• Reads the current value of the object's properties in your application and stores the list of identification properties and values with the test object.

• Chooses a unique name for the test object, generally using the value of one of its prominent properties.

Test Object and Native Properties and Operations

The identification property set for each test object is created and maintained by QuickTest. The native property set for each run-time object is created and maintained by the object creator (for example, Microsoft for Microsoft Internet Explorer objects, Netscape for Netscape Browser objects, the product developer for ActiveX objects, and so on).

Similarly, a test object operation is a method or property that QuickTest recognizes as applicable to a particular test object class. For example, the Click method is applicable to a WebButton test object. As you add steps to your test, you specify which operation to perform on each test object. If you record steps, QuickTest records the relevant operation as it is performed on an object.

During a run session, QuickTest performs the specified test object operation on the run-time object. Native operations are the methods of the object in your application as defined by the object creator.

Property values of objects in your application may change dynamically each time your application opens, or based on certain conditions. You may need to modify the identification property values to match the native property values. You can modify identification properties manually while designing your test, or use SetTOProperty statements during a run session. You can also use regular expressions to identify property values based on conditions or patterns you define, or you can parameterize property values with Data Table parameters so that a different value is used during each iteration of the test. For more information on modifying object properties, see Managing Test Objects in Object Repositories.

Understanding and Using Regular Expressions.

You can view or modify the identification property values that are stored with your test in the Object Properties or Object Repository dialog box. For more information, see Specifying or Modifying Property Values.

We can view the current identification property values of any object on your desktop using the Properties tab of the Object Spy. For more information, see Viewing Object Properties and Operations Using the Object Spy.

We can view the syntax of the test object operations as well as the native operations of any object on your desktop using the Operations tab of the Object Spy. For more information, see Viewing Object Properties and Operations Using the Object Spy.

We can retrieve or modify property values of the test object during the run session by adding GetTOProperty and SetTOProperty statements in the Keyword View or Expert View. We can retrieve property values from the run-time object during the run session by adding GetROProperty statements. For more information, see Retrieving and Setting Identification Property Values.

If the available test object operations and identification properties for a test object do not provide the functionality you need, you can access the internal operations and properties of the run-time object using the Object property. You can also use the attribute object property to identify Web objects in your application according to user-defined properties. For information, see Accessing Native Properties and Operations.

Understanding Object Repository Types

Objects can be stored in two types of object repositories—a shared object repository and a local object repository. A shared object repository stores objects in a file that can be accessed by multiple tests (in read-only mode). A local object repository stores objects in a file that is associated with one specific action, so that only that action can access the stored objects.

When you plan and create tests, you must consider how you want to store the objects in your tests. You can store the objects for each action in its corresponding local object repository, or you can store the objects in your tests in one or more shared object repositories. By storing objects in shared object repositories and associating these repositories with your actions, you enable multiple actions to use the objects. For each action, you can use a combination of objects from your local and shared object repositories, according to your needs. You can also transfer local objects to a shared object repository, if required. This reduces maintenance and enhances the reusability of your tests because it enables you to maintain the objects in a single, shared location instead of multiple locations. For more information, see Deciding Whether to Use Local or Shared Object Repositories.

If you are new to using QuickTest, you may want to use local object repositories. In this way, you can record and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying shared object repositories because all objects are automatically saved in a local object repository that can be accessed by its corresponding action. If you modify an object in the local object repository, your changes do not have any effect on any other action or any other test (except tests that call the action, as described in Inserting Calls to Existing Actions).

If you are familiar with testing, it is probably most efficient to save objects in a shared object repository. In this way, you can use the same shared object repository for multiple actions—if the actions include the same objects. Object information that applies to many actions is kept in one central location. When the objects in your application change, you can update them in one location for all the actions that use this shared object repository.

If an object with the same name is located in both the local object repository and in a shared object repository associated with the same action, the action uses the local object definition. If an object with the same name is located in more than one shared object repository associated with the same action, the object definition is used from the first occurrence of the object, according to the order in which the shared object repositories are associated with the action. For more information on associating shared object repositories, see Associating Object Repositories with Actions.

Local objects are saved locally with the action, and can be accessed only from that action. When using a shared object repository, you can use the same object repository for multiple actions. You can also use multiple object repositories for each action.

When you open and work with an existing test, it always uses the object repositories that are specified in the Associated Repositories tab of the Action Properties dialog box or in the Associate Repositories dialog box. Shared object repositories are read-only when accessed from tests; you edit them using the Object Repository Manager.

Keyword Driven Methodology

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Keyword-Driven Methodology

By creating our tests with a keyword-driven methodology in mind, our tests become more modular, focusing on the operations to test using both QuickTest built-in keywords and your own user-defined keywords.

Additionally, because it is possible to add objects to the object repository before they exist in an application, it is possible to begin preparing our automated keyword-driven tests even before a software build containing the new objects is available.

Setting up Object Repositories

In this step, we build one or more object repositories and ensure that all objects have clear names that follow any predetermined naming conventions defined by our organization.

We can create object repositories using QuickTest functionality to recognize and learn the objects in your application, or we can manually define objects.
By creating and populating shared object repositories that can be associated with multiple actions, we can use the same object repository in multiple tests.

Add (learn) objects from our application.

We instruct QuickTest to learn the objects in our application according to filters that we define.

Ensure that objects in the object repository have names that are easy for application testers to recognize and that follow any established object naming guidelines.

This helps make both test creation and maintenance easier over time.

Configuring QuickTest According to our Testing Needs

After we set up the test automation infrastructure, we need to configure QuickTest to use this infrastructure:

Define your global testing preferences.

We need to specify configuration settings that affect how we create and run tests in general—these settings are not test-specific.

Building our Tests

We can create tests that are as simple or complex as needed. In general, it is best to create tests and actions that check just one or a few simple functions or complete a transaction rather than creating long tests and actions that perform several complex tasks or that perform many tasks.

We may perform the following tasks when creating tests and test steps:

Create new tests, if needed. To do so, select File > New > Test.

Create the required actions.

Associate our object repositories with the relevant actions
This enables us to insert steps that perform operations on those objects.

Associate our function libraries with the relevant tests. This enables us to use our special keywords in any of the associated tests.

Recording Tests

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Recording and Running

a) Test Recording Process

It is a Process of Recording user operations on AUT (Application Under Test). During Recording QTP Creates steps in Keyword view, and generates them in a script in the Expert view. Simultaneously it adds Objects information into Object Repository.

b) Running /Execution Process

During Running QTP reads statements one by one and gets Object Information from the Object Repository, based on that Information performs operations on AUT.

c) Recording Modes

QTP has 3 Recording Modes to generate Tests / Test Scripts

i) Normal Recording

It records User Mouse and Keyboard operations on AUT with respect to objects, but unable to record continuous mouse operations like Digital Signatures, graphs, paints etc.

During recording QTP generates VbScript statements in Test Pane, Simultaneously it stores objects information into object repository.

Navigation: Automation>Record

Select Record option on automation toolbar

Use short cut key (F3)

Steps for preparing a Test (through Recording):

1.Put AUT in base state

2.Select Record Option

3.It shows Record and Run Settings, Select type of Environment (Windows or Web)

4.Select Record Option

(It shows two Options :

1.Record and Run Test on any open window based applications

2.Record and Run only on)

If we select first option it records on any opened application on Desktop.

If we select Second option, it asks for the path of the AUT, After Providing the path it records only on that particular application.)

5.Click OK

6.Perform actions on AUT

7.Stop recording.

8.Save the Test

ii) Analog Recording:

It records the exact mouse and keyboard operations. We can use this mode for recording continuous mouse operations. It is not useful for recording normal operations why because it does not generate steps for each operation, generates total user actions in a Track File. The Track file is not editable.

Navigation:

1.Keep tool under recording mode

2.Automation >Analog Recording

Use Short cut Key (Shift + ALT+F3)

Steps for preparing a Test (through Analog Recording):

1.Launch AUT (or we can launch AUT through QTP)

2.Select Record option

3.Automation>Analog Recording

4.Analog Recording Settings Dialog box opens

(In this Dialog box two options available.

1.Record relative to the screen

2.Record relative to the following window)

(If we select first option QTP records User operations with respect to Desktop co-ordinates.

If we select Second option, we have to show the window (AUT), after showing the Window it records with respect to that window co-ordinates.)

5.Select any one option in the dialog box and click Start Analog record.

6.It records User actions

7.Stop Recording

iii) Low Level Recording

It records some operations on Non-supported environments apart from Normal operations.

This mode records at the object level and records all run time objects as window or winobject Test objects.

Use Low Level Recording for recording in an environment not recognized by QTP.

Navigation:

1.Keep tool under recording mode

2.Automation >Low Level Recording

Steps for preparing a Test (through Low Level Recording):

1)Launch AUT (or we can launch AUT through QTP)

2)Select Record option

3)Automation> Low Level Recording

4)Perform options on AUT

5)Stop Recording

6)Save the Test

d) Disadvantages of Recording

• It occupies a lot of memory space(due to duplicate objects), So QTP performance will be reduced

• No Centralized Maintenance mechanism , So Modifications are very difficult

• User may not have command on the Recorded script, So locating errors is difficult

• Recorded scripts are QTP internal files, they may corrupt.

e) Advantages of Recording/ Where Applicable

• It is used for Analyzing the AUT in the initial stage to find out weather the QTP tool is Recognizing all of our Application Objects or not

• It is easy to create Tests / Test Scripts

•It is used for frequently changing UI (User Interface)

• It takes less time to create Tests

QTP Test Process

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7 Stages of QTP Testing Process

1) Planning

o Analyzing the AUT

o Automation Test Plan Generation

o Automation Framework Implementation

o Generating/Selecting Test cases for Automation

o Collecting Test Data

o QTP Tool Settings Configuration

2) Generating Tests

o Recording

o Keyword driven methodology

o Descriptive Programming

3) Enhancing Tests

o Inserting Checkpoints

o Inserting Output values

o Adding Comments

o Synchronization

o Parameterization

o Inserting Flow Control Statements

o Calling User defined functions and/or Reusable Actions

o Generating Steps though Step Generator

o Inserting Transaction Points

o Regular Expressions

4) Debugging Tests

o Debug Commands & Break Points

o Step by step execution

o Watching Variables

o Changing values of variables

5) Running Tests

o Normal Execution

o Batch Execution

o Through AOM Scripting

o Tests Running through framework

o Scheduled Execution

6) Analyzing Results

o QTP Result window

o Defining our own Results

o Exporting Results

o Deleting Results

7) Reporting Defects

o Manual Defect Reporting

o Tool based Defect Reporting

o Working with Quality Center
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Types of Statements in QTP Test / Test Script

i) Declarations (Variables and constants)

Dim x, y, z
Const City, Price

ii) Object calls

Ex1: Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set "gcreddy"
Ex2: Browser("Google").Page("Google").Link("Gmail").Click

iii) Comments

iv) Flow Control Statements (Conditional & Loop)

Ex:) If Total=Tickets*Price Then
Msgbox "Test Passed"
Else
Msgbox "Test Failed"
End If

v) Function / Action calls

Ex: Call Login("gcreddy","mercury")
vi) Utility Statements
Ex1: SystemUtil.Run "C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe"
**It launche the Application
Ex2:
SystemUtil.Run "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE","http://www.icicibank.com/"

vii) VB script other statements

Examples:
Option Explicit
Wait (14)

QTP Commands

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QTP Commands

QTP Commands are available in 3 ways.

1.Menu options

2.Tool Bar options

3.Short cut keys (for Some important operations only)

File menu: Through file menu user can create, save tests, open existing tests, export tests in zip format.

Command	Function
New > Test	Creates a new test.
New > Business Component	Creates a new business component.
New > Scripted Component	Creates a new scripted component.
New > Application Area	Creates a new application area.
New > Function Library	Creates a new function library.
Open > Test	Opens an existing test.
Open > Business/Scripted Component	Opens an existing business or scripted component.
Open > Application Area	Opens an existing application area.
Open > Function Library	Opens an existing function library.
Close	Closes the active function library.
Close All Function Libraries	Closes all open function libraries.
Quality Center Connection	Opens the Quality Center Connection dialog box, enabling you to connect to a Quality Center project.
Quality Center Version Control	Provides a sub-menu of options for managing versions of QuickTest assets in Quality Center. The sub-menu is available only when you are connected to version-control enabled Quality Center project.
Save	Saves the active document.
Save As	Opens the relevant Save dialog box so you can save the open document.
Save Test with Resources	Saves a standalone copy of the current test together with its resource files.
Save All	Saves all open documents.
Enable Editing	Makes read-only function libraries editable.
Export Test to Zip File	Creates a zip file of the active document.
Import Test from Zip File	Imports a document from a zip file.
Convert to Scripted Component	Converts a business component to a scripted component.
Print	Prints the active document.
Print Preview	Displays the Keyword View as it will look when printed and enables you to modify the page setup.
Settings	Opens the Settings dialog box, enabling you to define settings for the open document. (Not relevant for function libraries)
Process Guidance Management	Opens the Process Guidance Management dialog box, enabling you to manage the list of processes that are available in QuickTest.
Associate Library '<Function Library Name>' with '<Document Name>'	Associates the active function library with the open document. (Available only from function libraries)
Recent Files	Lists the recently viewed files.
Exit	Closes the QuickTest session.

Edit Menu: It provides editing options and renaming, deleting and splitting actions.

Command	Function
Undo	Reverses the last command or deletes the last entry you typed.
Redo	Reverses the most recent operation of the Undo command.
Cut	Removes the selection from your document.
Copy	Copies the selection from your document.
Paste	Pastes the selection to your document.
Delete	Deletes the selection from your document.
Copy Documentation to Clipboard	Copies the content of the Documentation column of the Keyword View, enabling you to paste it in an external application.
Action > Split Action	Separates an action into two sibling actions or into parent-child nested actions.
Action > Rename Action	Changes the name of an action.
Action > Delete Action	Enables you to remove the selected call to the action, or delete the action and its calls from the active test.
Action > Action Properties	Enables you to specify options, parameters, and associated object repositories for a stored action.
Action > Action Call Properties	Enables you to specify the number of run iterations according to the number of rows in the Data Table, and to define the values of input parameters and the storage location of output parameters.
Step Properties > Comment Properties	Opens the Comment Properties dialog box for a comment step. Available only when the selected step is a comment.
Step Properties > Object Properties	Opens the Object Properties dialog box for a selected object. Available only when the selected step contains a test object.
Step Properties > Checkpoint Properties	Opens the relevant Checkpoint Properties dialog box for a selected object. Available only when the selected step is a checkpoint step.
Step Properties > Output Value Properties	Opens the relevant Output Value Properties dialog box for a selected object. Available only when the selected step is an output value step.
Step Properties > Report Properties	Displays the Report Properties dialog box for a report step. Available only when the selected step is a Reporter.ReportEvent step.
Find	Searches for a specified string.
Replace	Searches and replaces a specified string.
Go To	Moves the cursor to a particular line in the test.
Bookmarks	Creates bookmarks in your script for easy navigation.
Advanced > Comment Block	Comments out the current row, or selected rows.
Advanced > Uncomment Block	Removes the comment formatting from the current or selected rows.
Advanced > Indent	Indents the step according to the tab spacing defined in the Editor Options dialog box.
Advanced > Outdent	Outdents the step (reduces the indentation) according to the tab spacing defined in the Editor Options dialog box.
Advanced > Go to Function Definition	Navigates to the definition of the selected function.
Advanced > Complete Word	Completes the word when you type the beginning of a VBScript method or object.
Advanced > Argument Info	Displays the syntax of a method.
Advanced > Apply "With" to Script	Generates With statements for the action displayed in the Expert View, and enables IntelliSense within With statements.
Advanced > Remove "With" Statements	Converts any With statements in the action displayed in the Expert View to regular (single-line) VBScript statements.
Optional Step	Inserts an optional step (a step that is not required to successfully complete a run session).

View menu: Through this menu we can launch and close, active screen, Data Table, Debug viewer, information, missing resources etc.

Insert Menu: Through this menu user can inserting check points, out put values, synchronizing points.

In this menu step generator available, using this user can generate recordable and non-recordable scripts.

Through insert menu user can insert VB Script conditional and loop statements and transaction points (Start and End).

Through insert menu user can create new actions, call existing actions and copy existing actions.

Automation Menu:

This menu provides Record, Run options and Run setting options

Through this menu we can start normal recording, analog recording and Low level recording.

Through this menu we can stop recoding, running and also we run tests.

Command	Function
Record	Starts a recording session.
Run	Starts a run session from the beginning or from the line at which the session was paused.
Stop	Stops the recording or run session.
Run Current Action	Runs only the active action.
Run from Step	Starts a run session from the selected step.
Maintenance Run Mode	Starts a run session during which the Maintenance Run Mode wizard opens for steps that failed because an object was not found in the application (if applicable).
Update Run Mode	Starts a run session to update test object descriptions and other options (if applicable).
Analog Recording	Starts recording in Analog Recording mode.
Low Level Recording	Starts recording in Low Level Recording mode.
Record and Run Settings	Opens the Record and Run Settings dialog box, enabling you to define browser preferences for recording and running your test.
Process Guidance List	Lists the processes that are available for the current document type and for the currently loaded QuickTest add-ins, enabling you to open them.
Results	Enables you to view results for a test run session.

Resources Menu:

This menu provides object repository and recovery scenarios options.

Through this menu we can create /modify/delete objects information and we can associate repositories.

Through this menu we can create, modify and delete recovery scenarios.

Command	Function
Object Repository	Opens the Object Repository window, which displays a tree containing all objects in the current test or component.
Object Repository Manager	Opens the Object Repository Manager dialog box, enabling you to open and modify multiple shared object repositories.
Associate Repositories	Opens the Associate Repositories dialog box, enabling you to manage the object repository associations for the test.
Map Repository Parameters	Opens the Map Repository Parameters dialog box, enabling you to map repository parameters, as needed.
Recovery Scenario Manager	Opens the Recovery Scenario Manager dialog box.
Associated Function Libraries	Lists the function libraries associated with the active document, enabling you to open them.

Debug Menu:

This menu provides debug commands for step by step execution.

Through this menu we can insert/remove/break points.

Tools Menu:

This menu provides Tools settings option, view options and object identification configuration.

Through this menu we can set tool options as well as test pane view options.

In this menu object spy option available, through this we can get object’s information.(Properties and values)

In this menu Virtual object option available; through this option we can create virtual objects.

Command	Function
Options	Opens the Options dialog box, enabling you to modify global testing options.
View Options	Opens the Editor Options dialog box, enabling you to customize how tests and function libraries are displayed in the Expert View and Function Library windows.
Check Syntax	Checks the syntax of the active document.
Object Identification	Opens the Object Identification dialog box, enabling you to specify how QuickTest identifies a particular test object.
Object Spy	Opens the Object Spy dialog box, enabling you to view the native properties and operations of any object in an open application, as well as the test object hierarchy, identification properties, and operations of the test object that QuickTest uses to represent that object.
Web Event Recording Configuration	Opens the Web Event Recording Configuration dialog box, enabling you to specify a recording configuration level. (Relevant for tests only)
Data Driver	Opens the Data Driver dialog box, which displays the default Constants list for the action. (Relevant for tests only)
Change Active Screen	Replaces the previously recorded Active Screen with the selected Active Screen. (Relevant for tests only)
Virtual Objects > New Virtual Object	Opens the Virtual Object Wizard, enabling you to teach QuickTest to recognize an area of your application as a standard test object.
Virtual Objects > Virtual Object Manager	Opens the Virtual object Manager, enabling you to manage all of the virtual object collections defined on your computer.
Customize	Opens the Customize dialog box, which enables you to customize toolbars and menus, and create new menus.

Window Menu:

This menu provides QTP tool window style settings.

Help Menu:

This menu provides QTP help as well as VB Script help.

Through this menu we can contact technical support people and we can send feedback.

Through this menu we can check for updates and download or install directly.

QTP Tool Window

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Key Elements of QTP Tool Window

1) Test Pane:

It is programming interface of QTP, used for creating, editing, viewing and deleting test scripts.

Test: It is a set of statements or set of one or more actions. (It is a local concept)

Action: It is a set of Statements. (It is a local concept)

Statement: A minimal executable unit. Statements may have keywords. (Keyword such as function, method, statement etc). It is a global concept.

Test pane has 2 views.

Expert view- Test in VB script format.

Key word view- Test in Icon based GUI format.

Note1: Here in test pane Test is same but views are different, if you perform any modifications in one view those automatically reflects in another view.

Note 2: Technical users use expert view and business user use key word view.

Note 3: User can customize Test pane view options.

Navigation: Tools Menu> view options> we can use font size and colors etc.

2) Active Screen

It has an optional element of QTP, it takes snap shots of every statement that user performed action or operation on AUT.

It can be used for understanding and editing the test easily.

Navigation: View menu>active screen (for launching and closing)

Configuring Active Screen: view>options>active screen tab>increase /Decrease capture level, apply and okay.

Note 1: Generally novice testers use this feature but it occupies lot of memory space on QTP.

3) Data Table

It has an integrated spread sheet (Excel like), used for Data driven testing.

Navigation: View menu>Data table (for launching and closing)

Data driven Testing: Testing the same task(S) or same operation with multiple sets of test data.

It can be used in two ways.

1. Enter test data directly into Data Table and use.

2. Importing data from external files (Flat files, excel sheets, etc) and Data bases (MS access, Sql Server, oracle, etc.)

It has two types of sheets.

1). Global Sheet- for entire Test /used for all actions in the Test.

2). Action Sheets- for specific Action only.

Data table available in 2 ways:

1). Design time data table. (Attached with every test)

2). Run time data table. (Available in result window)

Run time is a carbon copy of design time data table.

QTP has Data table methods for performing operations on data table.

4) Debug Viewer

It is used for locating and rectifying or fixing errors.

It can be used for debugging the tests by step-by-step execution.

We use Step into, Step over and Step out commands for debugging. (debug commands)

Navigation: View menu>debug viewer (for launching and closing)

Through Debug viewer user can watch variables and change values of variables temporarily.

5) Missing Resources

It can be used for showing missing resources that attached to current test such as (Recovery Scenarios, Library files etc).

Navigation: View menu >missing resources (for launching and closing)

6) Information

This pane shows syntax errors automatically during saving the test.

Navigation: view menu> information

7) QTP Commands

QTP Commands are available in 3 ways.

1). Menu options

2). Tool Bar options

3). Short cut keys (for Some important operations only)

QTP Tool Window Menus

File menu: Through file menu user can create, save tests, open existing tests, export tests in zip format.

Edit Menu: It provides editing options and renaming, deleting and splitting actions.

View menu: Through this menu we can launch and close, active screen, Data Table, Debug viewer, information, missing resources etc.

Insert Menu: Through this menu user can inserting check points, out put values, synchronizing points.

In this menu step generator available, using this user can generate recordable and non-recordable scripts.

Through insert menu user can insert VB Script conditional and loop statements and transaction points (Start and End).

Through insert menu user can create new actions, call existing actions and copy existing actions.

Automation Menu: This menu provides Record, Run options and Run setting options

Through this menu we can start normal recording, analog recording and Low level recording.

Through this menu we can stop recoding, running and also we run tests.

Resources Menu: This menu provides object repository and recovery scenarios options.

Through this menu we can create /modify/delete objects information and we can associate repositories.

Through this menu we can create, modify and delete recovery scenarios.

Debug Menu:

This menu provides debug commands for step by step execution.

Through this menu we can insert/remove/break points.

Tools Menu: This menu provides Tools settings option, view options and object identification configuration.

Through this menu we can set tool options as well as test pane view options.

In this menu object spy option available, through this we can get object’s information.(Properties and values)

In this menu Virtual object option available; through this option we can create virtual objects.

Window Menu: This menu provides QTP tool window style settings.

Help Menu: This menu provides QTP help as well as VB Script help.

Through this menu we can contact technical support people and we can send feedback.

Through this menu we can check for updates and download or install directly.

QTP Add ins Info

2011-01-30T01:51:00.000-08:00

This document provides QuickTest Professional add ins information like Activex, web, visual basic, SAP, Java, .NET, People soft, TE, Web services and Oracle environments.

I) ActiveX Environment

Object Description

----------------------------------------------------

ActiveX An ActiveX control.

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AcxButton An ActiveX button.

-------------------------------------------------

AcxCalendar An ActiveX calendar object.

----------------------------------------------------

AcxCheckBox An ActiveX check box.

----------------------------------------------------

AcxComboBox An ActiveX combo box object.

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AcxEdit An ActiveX edit box.

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AcxRadioButton An ActiveX radio button.

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AcxTable An ActiveX table.

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AcxUtil An object that enables you to work with objects returned by performing an operation (usually via the Object property) on an ActiveX test object.

********************************************************

II) Delphi Environment

Object Description

-----------------------------------------

DelphiButton A Delphi button.

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DelphiCheckBox A Delphi check box.

----------------------------------------------------

DelphiComboBox A Delphi combo box.

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DelphiEdit A Delphi edit box.

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DelphiEditor A Delphi multi-line editor.

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DelphiList A Delphi list.

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DelphiListView A Delphi list-view control.

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DelphiNavigator A Delphi navigator control.

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DelphiObject A Delphi object.

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DelphiRadioButton A Delphi radio button.

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DelphiScrollBar A Delphi scroll bar.

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DelphiSpin A Delphi spin box.

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DelphiStatic A Delphi static control.

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DelphiStatusBar A Delphi status bar.

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DelphiTable A Delphi table.

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DelphiTabStrip A Delphi tab strip.

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DelphiTreeView A Delphi tree-view control.

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DelphiWindow A Delphi window or dialog box.

***************************************************

III) Java Environment

Object Description

JavaApplet Java applet.

------------------------------------

JavaButtonA Java button.

-----------------------------------------

JavaCalendar A Java calendar.

-----------------------------------------

JavaCheckBox A Java check box.

-----------------------------------------

JavaDialog A Java dialog box.
--------------------------------------------

JavaEdit A Java edit box.
-------------------------------------------

JavaExpandBar A Java control that contains labeled bar items, which can be expanded or collapsed by the user.

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JavaInternalFrame An internal frame that can be activated from the Java applet.

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JavaLink A Java control that displays text with links.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

JavaList A Java list box with single or multiple selection.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

JavaMenu A Java menu item.

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JavaObject A generic Java object.

---------------------------------------------

JavaRadioButton A Java radio button.

--------------------------------------------

JavaSlider A Java slider.

-------------------------------------------

JavaSpin A Java spin object.

-------------------------------------------

JavaStaticText A Java static text object.

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JavaTab A Java tabstrip control containing tabbed panels.

----------------------------------------------------------------

JavaTable A Java table.

---------------------------------

JavaToolbar A Java toolbar.

-----------------------------------

JavaTree A Java tree.

-----------------------------

JavaWindow A Java window.

---------------------------------------

******************************************

IV) .NET Web Forms Environment

Object Description
--------------------------------------

WbfCalendar A .NET Web Forms calendar control.

----------------------------------------------------------------

WbfGrid A .NET Web Forms DataGrid object.

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WbfTabStrip A .NET Web Forms tabstrip control.

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WbfToolbar A .NET Web Forms toolbar control.

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WbfTreeView A .NET Web Forms tree view object.

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WbfUltraGrid A .NET Web Forms UltraGrid object.

**************************************************

V) .NET Windows Forms Environment

Object Description
---------------------------------

SwfButton

A .NET Windows Forms button object.

SwfCalendar

A DateTimePicker or a Month Calendar .NET Windows Forms calendar object.

SwfCheckBox

A .NET Windows Forms check box.

SwfComboBox

A .NET Windows Forms combo box.

SwfEdit

A .NET Windows Forms edit box.

SwfEditor

A .NET Windows Forms multi-line edit box.

SwfLabel

A .NET Windows Forms static text object.

SwfList

A .NET Windows Forms list.

SwfListView

A .NET Windows Forms ListView control.

SwfObject

A standard .NET Windows Forms object.

SwfPropertyGrid

A property grid control based on the .NET Windows Forms library.

SwfRadioButton

A .NET Windows Forms radio button.

SwfScrollBar

A .NET Windows Forms scroll bar.

SwfSpin

A .NET Windows Forms spin object.

SwfStatusBar

A .NET Windows Forms status bar control.

SwfTab

A .NET Windows Forms tab control.

SwfTable

A grid control based on the .NET Windows Forms library.

SwfToolBar

A .NET Windows Forms toolbar.

SwfTreeView

A .NET Windows Forms TreeView control.

SwfWindow

A .NET Windows Forms window.

VI) Windows Presentation Foundation Environment

Object Description

WpfButton

A button control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfCheckBox

A check box control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfComboBox

A combo box control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfEdit

A document, rich text box, or text control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfGrid

A grid control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfImage

An image control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfLink

A hyperlink control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfList

A list control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfMenu

A menu control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfObject

An object control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfProgressBar

A progress bar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfRadioButton

A radio button control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfScrollBar

A scroll bar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfSlider

A slider control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfStatusBar

A status bar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfTabStrip

A tab control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfToolbar

A toolbar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfTreeView

A tree control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

WpfWindow

A window control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

VII) Oracle Environment

Object Description

OracleApplications

An Oracle Applications session window.

OracleButton

An Oracle button.

OracleCalendar

An Oracle calendar.

OracleCheckbox

A check box Oracle field.

OracleFlexWindow

An Oracle flexfield window.

OracleFormWindow

An Oracle Form window.

OracleList

An Oracle poplist (combo box) or list.

OracleListOfValues

An Oracle window containing a list of values for selection.

OracleLogon

An Oracle Applications sign-on window.

OracleNavigator

An Oracle Navigator window.

OracleNotification

An Oracle error or message window.

OracleRadioGroup

An Oracle option (radio button) group.

OracleStatusLine

The status line and message line at the bottom of an Oracle Applications window.

OracleTabbedRegion

An Oracle tabbed region.

OracleTable

An Oracle block of records.

OracleTextField

An Oracle text field.

OracleTree

An Oracle tree.

VIII) PeopleSoft Environment

Object Description

PSFrame

A frame object within a PeopleSoft application.

IX) PowerBuilder Environment

Object Description

PbButton

A PowerBuilder button.

PbCheckBox

A PowerBuilder check box.

PbComboBox

A PowerBuilder combo box.

PbDataWindow

A PowerBuilder DataWindow control.

PbEdit

A PowerBuilder edit box.

PbList

A PowerBuilder list.

PbListView

A PowerBuilder listview control.

PbObject

A standard PowerBuilder object.

PbRadioButton

A PowerBuilder radio button.

PbScrollBar

A PowerBuilder scroll bar.

PbTabStrip

A PowerBuilder tab strip control

PbTreeView

A PowerBuilder tree-view control.

PbWindow

A PowerBuilder window.

X) SAP Web Environment

Object Description

SAPButton

An SAP Gui for HTML application button, including icons, toolbar buttons, regular buttons, buttons with text, and buttons with text and image.

SAPCalendar

A calendar in a Web-based SAP application.

SAPCheckBox

An SAP Gui for HTML application toggle button, including check boxes and toggle images.

SAPDropDownMenu

A menu that is opened by clicking a menu icon within an SAP Gui for HTML application.

SAPEdit

An SAP Gui for HTML application edit box, including single-line edit boxes and multi-line edit boxes (text area).

SAPFrame

An SAP Gui for HTML application frame.

SAPiView

An SAP Enterprise Portal application iView frame.

SAPList

A drop-down or single/multiple selection list in an SAP Gui for HTML application.

SAPMenu

An SAP Gui for HTML application top-level menu.

SAPNavigationBar

A navigation bar in a Web-based SAP application.

SAPOKCode

An OK Code box in an SAP Gui for HTML application.

SAPPortal

An SAP Enterprise Portal desktop.

SAPRadioGroup

An SAP Gui for HTML application radio button group.

SAPStatusBar

An SAP Gui for HTML application status bar.

SAPTable

An SAP Gui for HTML application table or grid.

SAPTabStrip

An SAP Gui for HTML application tab strip object (an object that enables switching between multiple tabs).

SAPTreeView

An SAP Gui for HTML application tree object.

XI) SAP GUI for Windows Environment

Object Description

SAPGuiAPOGrid

An APO grid control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiButton

A button in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiCalendar

A calendar object in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiCheckBox

A check box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiComboBox

A combo box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiEdit

An edit box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiElement

Any object in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiGrid

A grid control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiLabel

A static text label in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiMenubar

A menu bar in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiOKCode

An OK Code box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiRadioButton

A radio button in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiSession

Represents the SAP GUI for Windows session on which an operation is performed.

SAPGuiStatusBar

A status bar in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiTable

A table control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiTabStrip

A tab strip in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiTextArea

A text area in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiToolbar

A toolbar in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiTree

A column tree, list tree, or simple tree control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiUtil

A utility object in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

SAPGuiWindow

A window or dialog box containing objects in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

XII) Siebel Environment

Object Description

SblAdvancedEdit

An edit box whose value can be set by a dynamic object that opens after clicking on a button inside the edit box

SblButton

A Siebel button.

SblCheckBox

A check box with an ON and OFF state.

SblEdit

An edit box.

SblPickList

A drop-down pick list.

SblTable

A Siebel table containing a variable number of rows and columns.

SblTabStrip

A number of tabs and four arrows that move its visible range to the left and to the right.

SblTreeView

A tree view of specific screen data.

SiebApplet

An applet in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebApplication

An application in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebButton

A button control in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebCalculator

A calculator control in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebCalendar

A calendar control in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebCheckbox

A checkbox in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebCommunicationsToolbar

The communications toolbar in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebCurrency

A currency calculator in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebList

A list object in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebMenu

A menu or menu item in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebPageTabs

A page tab in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebPDQ

A predefined query in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebPicklist

A pick list in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebRichText

A rich text control in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebScreen

A screen object in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebScreenViews

A screen view in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebTaskAssistant

The Task Assistant in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebTaskUIPane

The task UI pane in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebText

A text box in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebTextArea

A text area in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebThreadbar

A threadbar in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebToolbar

A toolbar in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebTree

A tree view object in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebView

A view object in a Siebel test automation environment.

SiebViewApplets

A view applet in a Siebel test automation environment.

XIII) Standard Windows Environment

Object Description

Desktop

An object that enables you to access top-level items on your desktop.

Dialog

A Windows dialog box.

Static

A static text object.

SystemUtil

An object used to control applications and processes during a run session.

WinButton

A Windows button.

WinCalendar

A Windows calendar.

WinCheckBox

A Windows check box.

WinComboBox

A Windows combo box.

Window

A standard window.

WinEdit

A Windows edit box.

WinEditor

A Windows multi-line editor.

WinList

A Windows list.

WinListView

A Windows list-view control.

WinMenu

A Windows menu.

WinObject

A standard (Windows) object.

WinRadioButton

A Windows radio button.

WinScrollBar

A Windows scroll bar.

WinSpin

A Windows spin box.

WinStatusBar

A Windows status bar.

WinTab

A Windows tab strip in a dialog box.

WinToolbar

A Windows toolbar.

WinTreeView

A Windows tree-view control.

XIV) Stingray Environment

Object Description

WinTab

A Windows tab strip in a dialog box.

WinTable

A Stingray grid.

WinToolbar

A Windows toolbar.

WinTreeView

A Stingray tree control.

XV) Terminal Emulators Environment

Object Description

TeField

A terminal emulator field that fully supports HLLAPI.

TeScreen

A terminal emulator screen that fully supports HLLAPI.

TeTextScreen

A terminal emulator screen that uses text-only HLLAPI or does not support HLLAPI.

TeWindow

A terminal emulator window.

XVI) Visual Basic Environment

Object Description

VbButton

A Visual Basic button.

VbCheckBox

A Visual Basic check box.

VbComboBox

A Visual Basic combo box.

VbEdit

A Visual Basic edit box.

VbEditor

A Visual Basic multi-line editor.

VbFrame

A Visual Basic frame.

VbLabel

A static text object.

VbList

A Visual Basic list.

VbListView

A Visual Basic list-view control.

VbRadioButton

A Visual Basic radio button.

VbScrollBar

A Visual Basic scroll bar.

VbToolbar

A Visual Basic toolbar.

VbTreeView

A Visual Basic tree-view control.

VbWindow

A Visual Basic window.

XVII) VisualAge Smalltalk Environment

Object Description

WinButton

A button in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

WinEdit

An edit box in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

WinList

A list in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

WinObject

An object in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

WinTab

A tab strip in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

WinTable

A table in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

WinTreeView

A tree-view control in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

XVIII) Web Environment

Object Description

Browser

A Web browser (or browser tab).

Frame

An HTML frame.

Image

An image with or without a target URL link.

Link

A hypertext link.

Page

An HTML page.

ViewLink

A Viewlink object.

WebArea

A section of an image (usually a section of a client-side image map).

WebButton

An HTML button.

WebCheckBox

A check box with an ON and OFF state.

WebEdit

An edit box, usually contained inside a form.

WebElement

A general Web object that can represent any Web object.

WebFile

An edit box with a browse button attached, used to select a file from the File dialog box.

WebList

A drop-down box or multiple selection list.

WebRadioGroup

A set of radio buttons belonging to the same group.

WebTable

A table containing a variable number of rows and columns.

WebXML

An XML document contained in a Web page.

XIX) Web Services Environment

Object Description

Attachments An object that supports attachment-related operations

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Configuration An object that supports configuration-related operations

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headers

An object that supports header-related test object operations.

Security

An object that supports security-related test object operations.

WebService

A test object representing a Web service.

WSUtil

A utility object used to check WSDL files.

QTP Basic Features

2011-01-30T01:48:00.001-08:00

•    QTP was Launched in 2002 (Nov). By Mercury Interactive. Later taken over by HP, in 2007.

•    QTP is an Object Based Testing Tool.

(Object based means; QTP Follows Test Object Model for Performing Testing operations. Based on either Test Objects or Automation Objects or Utility Objects only, we can automate test operations)

(LoadRunner is a Protocol based Test Tool)
•    QTP is for Functional and Regression Testing.

(Basically QTP is a Functional and Regression Test tool but we can use it for little bit Compatibility Testing and Performance Testing)
•    It follows Keyword Driven Approach.

(Keyword Driven Approach means; Keywords, example: Commands, functions, methods, statements etc.. are used for creating Test scripts)
•    It supports Windows Operating Environment only.

(QTP basically depends on User Interface to automate test operations and it is not depends on server side interactions, where as LoadRunner depends on server side Operations, so HP developed LoadRunner for Windows as well as UNIX versions)

•    It supports GUI based (Graphical user interface) and Web based Applications Automation, does not support CUI (Command user interface) Applications.

•    It has multilingual support. (It supports English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, etc languages with respect to license.)

•    It has adapted Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting edition for programming and Excel like spread sheet for Data driven testing.

Tools support for QTP:
------------------------------
•    VB Script for Scripting (for implementing programming logic)

•    VB Script engine integrated in QTP, so apart from scripting features we can use File system, Excel, word, Adodb etc. Object models from QTP.

•    SQL (Structured query language) engine integrated in QTP, so we can use SQL Statements in QTP to perform Database Operations

•    Excel like spread sheet integrated in QTP for performing Data driven Testing

•    We can install MS Script Debugger with QTP for Debugging Test scripts.

•    QTP uses XML format for Test results, Environment variables and for exporting object repositories.
-------------------------------------------------------

•    QTP can be integrated with other Tools like WinRunner and Quality Center.

•    QTP can be used for user interface (UI) test case automation and some limited (Non UI) Test case automation like File system operations and Data base operations.

•    It was derived from Astra QuickTest (mother tool of QTP).

•    It supports IE (Internet Explorer) only for recording tests, for execution it supports other browsers like Mozilla and AOL, opera Etc apart from IE.

•    QTP is a Desktop Application (I-Tier/Stand alone).

•    QTP developed in .NET Technology.

• Since it is Stand-alone Application, It doesn't have Database, It stores resources as files (Internal and External). We can't share qtp services from one machine to another, but we can share resources(Ex: Object Repository files, Function Libraries, Environment variable files, Recovery scenario files etc...)

QTP has two types of License;

•    Seat or Node locked License,

•    Concurrent or float license.

•    We have to use Seat license from fixed system/machine and Concurrent License, we can use from any system but one user at a time. If we want multiple concurrent licenses that we can purchase.

•    QTP has UNI code support.

Version History of QuickTest Professional

• Astra QuickTest (Mother tool of QTP) 1.0 to 5.0

* QTP derived from Astra QuickTest and influenced by WinRunner.

Quick Test Professional

• 5.6 – Nov 2002

•    6.5 – 2003

• 8.0 – 2004

• 8.2, 8.3 –2005

• 9.0,9.1-2006

• 9.2- 2007 Mercury Interactive

• 9.5 –2008 H.P

• 10.00 –2009 January

• 11.00 –2010** (It is Latest Version)

An overview on Test Automation

2011-01-30T01:45:00.000-08:00

Basically Software Testing is 2 types

1) Manual Testing
2) Test Automation

Manual Testing:
Testing software manually is called Manual Testing. we can test all accepts of software manually.

Below Testing Types can be tested manually

Test Types:
a) Functional Testing
b) Regression Testing
c) GUI Testing
d) Usability Testing
e) Security Testing
f) Compatibility Testing
g) Recovery Testing
h) Reliability testing
Etc…

Drawbacks of Manual Testing

(i)Time consuming.
(ii) More resources required.
(iii)Human Errors
(iv)Repetition of the Task is not much
(v)Tiredness
(vi)Simultaneous auctions are not possible (Parallel)

Test Automation:

Testing Software using any Automation tools is called Test Automation

Advantages of Test Automation:

a) Fast: Tools are faster in execution than human users

b) Reliable: Tools are reliable in complex calculations and tasks

c) Reusable: we can reuse Automated Tests at any number of times

d) Repeatable: we can repeat same operations for required number of times

e) Programmable:we can use flow control statements for appalying logic

f) Comprehensive: we can execute test batches without human interaction also

Test Automation can be used in below areas of Testing:

a) Functional & Regression Testing

b) Load/Stress/Performance Testing

c) Security Testing

d) Unit Testing

Drawbacks of Automation Testing
1)It is expensive
2)We cannot automate all areas.
3)Lack of expertisation.
4)It has some limitations (It cannot test every thing)

Which Software Testing should be automated?

Tests that need to be execute of every build of the application (Sanity Testing)

Tests that use multiple data values (Retesting / Data Drives Testing)

Tests that required data from application intimates (G.U.I. Attributes) Load and Stress Testing

Which Software Testing should not be automated?

Usability Testing One time testing

Quick look Tests or A.S.A.P (As soon as possible) Testing Ad-hoc testing / Random Testing

Customers requirement are frequently changing.

-------------------------------------------
Types of Test tool:
-------------------

Business:
-----------------
a) Vendor tools

Ex: HP- WinRunner, LoadRunner, QTP, QC
IBM-Rational Robot, ,RFT, RPT, QA Director
Borland-SilkTest, Silk Performer etc..

b) Open Source Tools:
Ex: Selenium, Jmeter, QAWebLoad, Bugzilla etc...

c) In-house tools:

Technical:
-----------------
a) Functional & Regression Test Tools:
Ex:WinRunner, QTP, Rational Robot, ,RFT, SilkTest,Selenium etc..

b) Performence/load/stress test tools

Ex: LoadRunner, RPT, Silk Performer,Jmeter, QAWebLoad etc...

c) Test Management Tools:
Ex: QC, QA Director Etc...

d) Defect Management tools

e) Unit Test tools (Ex: JUnit)

Everything about QTP | QTP In & Out World

2011-01-30T01:41:00.000-08:00

An overview on Test Automation

QTP Basic features

Add-in Manager

Key elements of QTP

QTP Commands

QTP Test Process

Recording Tests

Keyword Driven Methodology

Test Object Model

Object Repository

Object Identification Configuration

QTP Test Methods

Data Table Methods

Descriptive Programming

Enhancing Tests

Inserting Checkpoints

Inserting Output values

Parameterization

Synchronization

Inserting Transaction Points

Step Generator

Adding Comments

Inserting Flow Control Statements

Debugging Tests

Running/Executing Tests

Analyzing Test Results & Reporting

Reporting Defects

Actions

Functions

Environment Variables

Regular Expressions

Virtual Object Configuration

Batching Testing

Recovery Scenarios

File System Operations

Database connections

Automation Object Model

Dynamic Handling of Object Repositories

QTP Performance Tips

How the WinRunner recognizes objects on applications

2009-10-29T23:46:00.002-07:00

Explain how the WinRunner recognizes objects on applications?

GUI Map file is mainly used to recognize the objects on applications. During the process of running a test through winrunner, it uses the GUI map to identify the objects. It reads a particular object’s description in the GUI map and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested.

Explain the stages in Winrunner Testing Process

2009-10-29T23:46:00.001-07:00

There are six main stages in Winrunner Testing Process, they are,

GUI Map File Creation: By creating GUI Map file the WinRunner can identify the GUI objects in the application going to be tested.

Test scripts Creation: This process involves recording, programming or both. During the process of recording tests, insert checkpoints where the response of the application need to be tested.

Debug Test: Run the tests in Debug mode to make sure whether they run smoothly.

Run Tests: Run tests in Verify mode to test the application.

View Results: This determines the success or failure of the tests.

Report Defects: If a particular test run fails due to the defect in the application being tested, defects can be directly reported through the Test Results window.

What is meaning of Check Points and Types of Check Points

2009-10-29T23:44:00.000-07:00

What is meant by Checkpoints? What are the types of Check points?

Checkpoints is used to compare the current behavior of the application being tested to its behavior in an earlier version.

Four types of checkpoints can be added to test scripts, they are,

GUI checkpoints verify information about GUI objects. Ex, you can check that a button is enabled or see which item is selected in a list.

Bitmap checkpoints take a “snapshot” of a window or area of your application and compare this to an image captured in an earlier version.

Text checkpoints read text in GUI objects and in bitmaps and enable you to verify their contents.

Database checkpoints check the contents and the number of rows and columns of a result set, which is based on a query you create on your database.

Define the purpose of set_window command?

2009-10-29T23:42:00.000-07:00

The Set_Window command is used to set the focus for a specified window. Before executing a test on another window this command can be used to set focus to the required window.

Syntax: set_window(, time);

The set_window is the logical name of the window and time is the time the execution has to wait till it gets the given window into focus.

Different type of recording available with Winrunner

2009-10-29T23:40:00.000-07:00

What are the different type of recording available with Winrunner ?

Context Sensitive Recording – This records the operation we perform on the application by identifying the Graphical User Interface.

Analog mode Recording – This records the keyboard input and the Mouse movements.

How to analyze the results and report the defects?

2009-10-29T23:39:00.000-07:00

In winrunner after a test run, the test results will get displayed in a report. All the major actions during the run like Checkpoints, Error messages, System messages will be displayed in the report.

The mismatches in checkpoints during the test run can be viewed as expected results and actual results in Test results window.

The information about a test run fail due to defect can also be reported to others through test results window.

How to move and copy the objects between GUI map files

2009-10-29T23:38:00.000-07:00

Explain How to move and copy the objects between GUI map files.

The GUI map editor can be used to move and copy the objects between GUI map files. The steps are,

Go to Tools > GUI map editor.

Go to View > GUI files.

Click Expand in GUI map editor. The dialog box will expand and two GUI map files will be displayed.

Different GUI map file can be viewed from the side of dialog box; this can be done through clicking the file names listed in GUI file.

Select the objects to be copied or move in one file, for selecting multiple objects Shift key can be used or use Edit > Select all.

Click Copy or Move.

Use the option Collapse for restoring the GUI map editor in its Original size.

Load Runner Interview Questions

2009-02-26T19:25:00.001-08:00

Q1. What is Load Testing?
Ans. Load testing is to test that if the application works fine with the loads that result from large number of simultaneous users, transactions and to determine weather it can handle peak usage periods.

Q2. What is Performance Testing?
Ans. Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. This should be done standalone and then in a multi user environment to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.

Q3. What is LoadRunner?
Ans. LoadRunner works by creating virtual users who take the place of real users operating client software, such as sending requests using the HTTP protocol to IIS or Apache web servers. Requests from many virtual user clients are generated by Load Generators in order to create a load on various servers under test these load generator agents are started and stopped by Mercury's Controller program. The Controller controls load test runs based on Scenarios invoking compiled Scripts and associated Run-time Settings. Scripts are crafted using Mercury's "Virtual user script Generator" (named "V U Gen"), It generates C-language script code to be executed by virtual users by capturing network traffic between Internet application clients and servers. With Java clients, VuGen captures calls by hooking within the client JVM. During runs, the status of each machine is monitored by the Controller. At the end of each run, the Controller combines its monitoring logs with logs obtained from load generators, and makes them available to the "Analysis" program, which can then create run result reports and graphs for Microsoft Word, Crystal Reports, or an HTML webpage browser.

Each HTML report page generated by Analysis includes a link to results in a text file which Microsoft Excel can open to perform additional analysis. Errors during each run are stored in a database file which can be read by Microsoft Access.

Q4. What is Virtual Users?
Ans. Unlike a WinRunner workstation which emulates a single user's use of a client, LoadRunner can emulate thousands of Virtual Users.Load generators are controlled by VuGen scripts which issue non-GUI API calls using the same protocols as the client under test. But WinRunner GUI Vusers emulate keystrokes, mouse clicks, and other User Interface actions on the client being tested. Only one GUI user can run from a machine unless LoadRunner Terminal Services Manager manages remote machines with Terminal Server Agent enabled and logged into a Terminal Services Client session.

During run-time, threaded users share a common memory pool. So threading supports more Vusers per load generator.

The Status of Vusers on all load generators start from "Running", then go to "Ready" after going through the init section of the script. Vusers are "Finished" in passed or failed end status. Vusers are automatically "Stopped" when the Load Generator is overloaded.

To use Web Services Monitors for SOAP and XML, a separate license is needed, and vUsers require the Web Services add-in installed with Feature Pack (FP1). No additional license is needed for standard web (HTTP) server monitors Apache, IIS, and Netscape.

Q5. Explain the Load Testing Process?
Ans. Step 1: Planning the test. Here, we develop a clearly defined test plan to ensure the test scenarios we develop will accomplish load-testing objectives.

Step 2: Creating Vusers. Here, we create Vuser scripts that contain tasks performed by each Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions.

Step 3: Creating the scenario. A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scripts, and Vusers that run during the scenario. We create scenarios using LoadRunner Controller. We can create manual scenarios as well as goal-oriented scenarios. In manual scenarios, we define the number of Vusers, the load generator machines, and percentage of Vusers to be assigned to each script. For web tests, we may create a goal-oriented scenario where we define the goal that our test has to achieve. LoadRunner automatically builds a scenario for us.

Step 4: Running the scenario. We emulate load on the server by instructing multiple Vusers to perform tasks simultaneously. Before the testing, we set the scenario configuration and scheduling. We can run the entire scenario, Vuser groups, or individual Vusers.

Step 5: Monitoring the scenario. We monitor scenario execution using the LoadRunner online runtime, transaction, system resource, Web resource, Web server resource, Web application server resource, database server resource, network delay, streaming media resource, firewall server resource, ERP server resource, and Java performance monitors.

Step 6: Analyzing test results. During scenario execution, LoadRunner records the performance of the application under different loads. We use LoadRunners graphs and reports to analyze the applications performance.

Q6. When do you do load and performance Testing?
Ans. We perform load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing.

Q7. What are the components of LoadRunner?
Ans. The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online.

Q8. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to record a Script?
Ans. The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a script. It enables you to develop Vuser scripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.

Q9. When do you do load and performance Testing?
Ans. We perform load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing.

Q10. What are the components of LoadRunner?
Ans. The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to record a Script? - The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a script. It enables you to develop Vuser scripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.

Q11. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to play Back the script in multi user mode?
Ans. The Controller component is used to playback the script in multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser script is executed by a number of vusers in a group.

Q12. What is a rendezvous point?
Ans. You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scripts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point, in order that they may simultaneously perform a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time.

Q13. What is a scenario?
Ans. A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing session. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions to be performed, and the machines on which the virtual users run their emulations.

Q14. Explain the recording mode for web Vuser script?
Ans. We use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the script by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser script.

Q15. Why do you create parameters?
Ans. Parameters are like script variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the script is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one script can emulate many different users on the system.

Q16. What is correlation?
Ans. Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.

Q17. How do you find out where correlation is required?
Ans. Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scripts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values which needed to be correlated.

Q18. Where do you set automatic correlation options?
Ans. Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.

Q19. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web Vuser script?
Ans. Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.

Q20. Which is VuGen Recording and Scripting language?
Ans. LoadRunner script code obtained from recording in the ANSI C language syntax, represented by icons in icon view until you click Script View.

Q21. What is Scenarios?
Ans. Scenarios encapsulate the Vuser Groups and scripts to be executed on load generators at run-time.

Manual scenarios can distribute the total number of Vusers among scripts based on the analyst-specified percentage (evenly among load generators). Goal Oriented scenarios are automatically created based on a specified transaction response time or number of hits/transactions-per-second (TPS). Test analysts specify the % of Target among scripts.

Q22. When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs?
Ans. Once we debug our script and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you select Standard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during script execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Select extended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options.

Q23. How do you debug a LoadRunner script?
Ans. VuGen contains two options to help debug Vuser scripts-the Run Step by Step command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box allow us to determine the extent of the trace to be performed during scenario execution. The debug information is written to the Output window. We can manually set the message class within your script using the lr_set_debug_message function. This is useful if we want to receive debug information about a small section of the script only.

Q24. How do you write user defined functions in LR?
Ans. Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the external library (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: __declspec (dllexport) char* (char*, char*)

Q25. What are the changes you can make in run-time settings?
Ans. The Run Time Settings that we make are:
Pacing - It has iteration count.
Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and
Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time.
General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.

Q26. Where do you set Iteration for Vuser testing?
Ans. We set Iterations in the Run Time Settings of the VuGen. The navigation for this is Run time settings, Pacing tab, set number of iterations.

Q27. How do you perform functional testing under load?
Ans. Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.

Q28. How to use network drive mappings?
Ans. If several load generators need to access the same physical files, rather than having to remember to copy the files each time they change, each load generator can reference a common folder using a mapped drive. But since drive mappings are associated with a specific user:

Logon the load generator as the user the load generator will use

Open Windows Explorer and under Tools select Map a Network Drive and create a drive. It saves time and hassle to have consistent drive letters across load generators, so some organizations reserver certain drive letters for specific locations.
Open the LoadRunner service within Services (accessed from Control Panel, Administrative Tasks),

Click the "Login" tab.

Specify the username and password the load generator service will use. (A dot appears in front of the username if the userid is for the local domain).
Stop and start the service again.

Q29. What is Ramp up? How do you set this?
Ans. This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can be specified. To set Ramp Up, go to Scenario Scheduling Options.

Q30. What is the advantage of running the Vuser as thread?
Ans. VuGen provides the facility to use multithreading. This enables more Vusers to be run pergenerator. If the Vuser is run as a process, the same driver program is loaded into memory for each Vuser, thus taking up a large amount of memory. This limits the number of Vusers that can be run on a single generator. If the Vuser is run as a thread, only one instance of the driver program is loaded into memory for the given number of Vusers (say 100). Each thread shares the memory of the parent driver program, thus enabling more Vusers to be run per generator.

Q31. If you want to stop the execution of your script on error, how do you do that?
Ans. The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a script execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a script using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the Continue on error option in Run-Time Settings.

Q32. What is the relation between Response Time and Throughput?
Ans. The Throughput graph shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second. When we compare this with the transaction response time, we will notice that as throughput decreased, the response time also decreased. Similarly, the peak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time.

Q33. Explain the Configuration of your systems?
Ans. The configuration of our systems refers to that of the client machines on which we run the Vusers. The configuration of any client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications, development tools, etc. This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration that would include the network infrastructure, the web server, the database server, and any other components that go with this larger system so as to achieve the load testing objectives.

Q34. How do you identify the performance bottlenecks?
Ans. Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, web server monitors, database server monitors and network monitors. They help in finding out the troubled area in our scenario which causes increased response time. The measurements made are usually performance response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.

Q35. If web server, database and Network are all fine where could be the problem?
Ans. The problem could be in the system itself or in the application server or in the code written for the application.

Q36. How did you find web server related issues?
Ans. Using Web resource monitors we can find the performance of web servers. Using these monitors we can analyze throughput on the web server, number of hits per second that occurred during scenario, the number of http responses per second, the number of downloaded pages per second.

Q37. How did you find database related issues?
Ans. By running Database monitor and help of Data Resource Graph we can find database related issues. E.g. you can specify the resource you want to measure on before running the controller and than you can see database related issues.

Q38. What is the difference between Overlay graph and Correlate graph?
Ans. Overlay Graph: It overlay the content of two graphs that shares a common x-axis. Left Y-axis on the merged graph shows the current graphs value & Right Y-axis show the value of Y-axis of the graph that was merged. Correlate Graph: Plot the Y-axis of two graphs against each other. The active graphs Y-axis becomes X-axis of merged graph. Y-axis of the graph that was merged becomes merged graphs Y-axis.

Q39. How did you plan the Load?
Ans. Load test is planned to decide the number of users, what kind of machines we are going to use and from where they are run. It is based on 2 important documents, Task Distribution Diagram and Transaction profile. Task Distribution Diagram gives us the information on number of users for a particular transaction and the time of the load. The peak usage and off-usage are decided from this Diagram. Transaction profile gives us the information about the transactions name and their priority levels with regard to the scenario we are deciding.

Q40. What does vuser_init action contain?
Ans. Vuser_init action contains procedures to login to a server.

Q41. What does vuser_end action contain?
Ans. Vuser_end section contains log off procedures.

Q42. What is think time?
Ans. Think time is the time that a real user waits between actions. Example: When a user receives data from a server, the user may wait several seconds to review the data before responding. This delay is known as the think time. Changing the Threshold: Threshold level is the level below which the recorded think time will be ignored. The default value is five (5) seconds. We can change the think time threshold in the Recording options of the Vugen.

Q43. What is the difference between standard log and extended log?
Ans. The standard log sends a subset of functions and messages sent during script execution to a log. The subset depends on the Vuser type Extended log sends a detailed script execution messages to the output log. This is mainly used during debugging when we want information about:

- Parameter substitution
- Data returned by the server
- Advanced trace

Q44. What is lr_debug_message?
Ans. The lr_debug_message function sends a debug message to the output log when the specified message class is set.

Q45. What is lr_output_message?
Ans. The lr_output_message function sends notifications to the Controller Output window and the Vuser log file.

Q46. What is lr_error_message?
Ans. The lr_error_message function sends an error message to the LoadRunner Output window.

Q47. What is lrd_stmt?
Ans. The lrd_stmt function associates a character string (usually a SQL statement) with a cursor. This function sets a SQL statement to be processed.

Q48. What is lrd_fetch?
Ans. The lrd_fetch function fetches the next row from the result set.

Q49. What is Throughput?
Ans. If the throughput scales upward as time progresses and the number of Vusers increase, this indicates that the bandwidth is sufficient. If the graph were to remain relatively flat as the number of Vusers increased, it would be reasonable to conclude that the bandwidth is constraining the volume of data delivered.

Q50. What are the various types of Goals in Goal-Oriented Scenario ?
Ans. Load Runner provides you with five different types of goals in a goal oriented scenario:

- The number of concurrent Vusers
- The number of hits per second
- The number of transactions per second
- The number of pages per minute

The transaction response time that you want your scenario Analysis Scenario (Bottlenecks): In Running Vuser graph correlated with the response time graph you can see that as the number of Vusers increases, the average response time of the check itinerary transaction very gradually increases. In other words, the average response time steadily increases as the load increases. At 56 Vusers, there is a sudden, sharp increase in the average response time.

We say that the test broke the server. That is the mean time before failure (MTBF). The response time clearly began to degrade when there were more than 56 Vusers running simultaneously.

Manual Testing Q & A - Part 2

2009-02-26T19:18:00.000-08:00

Manual Testing Interview Questions & Answers - Part 2

Q15. How QA processes can be introduced in an organization?
Ans. 1. It depends on the size of the organization and the risks involved. e.g. for large organizations with high-risk projects a formalized QA process is necessary.

2. If the risk is lower, management and organizational buy-in and QA implementation may be a slower.

3. The most value for effort will often be in

- Requirements management processes
- Design inspections and code inspections
- post-mortems / retrospectives

Q16. What are the steps to perform software testing?
Ans.

- Understand requirements and business logic
- Get budget and schedule requirements
- Determine required standards and processes
- Set priorities, and determine scope and limitations of tests
- Determine test approaches and methods
- Determine test environment, test ware, test input data requirements
- Set milestones and prepare test plan document
- Write test cases
- Have needed reviews/inspections/approvals of test cases
- Set up test environment
- Execute test cases
- Evaluate and report results
- Bug Tracking and fixing
- Retesting or regression testing if needed
- Update test plans, test cases, test results, traceability matrix etc.

Q17. What is a test plan?
Ans. A document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, and focus of a software testing effort.

Q18. What are the contents of test plan?
Ans.

- Title and identification of software including version etc.
- Revision history
- Table of Contents
- Purpose of document and intended audience
- Objective and software product overview
- Relevant related document list and standards or legal requirements
- Naming conventions
- Overview of software project organization
- Roles and responsibilities etc.
- Assumptions and dependencies
- Risk analysis
- Testing priorities
- Scope and limitations of testing effort
- Outline of testing effort and input data
- Test environment setup and configuration issues
- Configuration management processes
- Outline of bug tracking system
- Test automation if required
- Any tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
- Project test metrics to be calculated
- Testing deliverables
- Reporting plan
- Testing entrance and exit criteria
- Sanity testing period and criteria
- Test suspension and restart criteria
- Personnel pre-training needs
- Relevant proprietary, classified, security and licensing issues.
- Open issues if any
- Appendix

Q19. What is a test case?
Ans. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of a software application is working correctly.

Q20. What are the components of a bug report?
Ans.

- Application name
- The function, module, name
- Bug ID
- Bug reporting date
- Status
- Test case ID
- Bug description
- Steps needed to reproduce the bug
- Names and/or descriptions of file/data/messages/etc. used in test
- Snapshot that would be helpful in finding the cause of the problem
- Severity estimate
- Was the bug reproducible?
- Name of tester
- Description of problem cause (filled by developers)
- Description of fix (filled by developers)
- Code section/file/module/class/method that was fixed (filled by developers)
- Date of fix (filled by developers)
- Date of retest or regression testing
- Any remarks or comments

Q21. What is verification?
Ans. It involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. It can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings etc.

Q22. What is validation?
Ans. It involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed.

Q23. What is a walkthrough?
Ans. An informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes.

Q24. What's an inspection?
Ans. It is more formalized than a 'walkthrough', typically with 3-8 people including a moderator, reader, and a recorder to take notes. The subject of the inspection is typically a document such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing, not to fix anything.

Q25. What is configuration management?
Ans. It covers the processes used to control, coordinate, and track: code, requirements, documentation, problems, change requests, designs, tools / compilers / libraries / patches, changes made to them, and who makes the changes.

Q26. When you can stop testing?
Ans.

- Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
- Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
- Test budget depleted
- Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point
- Bug rate falls below a certain level Beta or alpha testing period ends

Q27. What if there isn't enough time for thorough testing?
Ans. Consider the following scenarios:

- Which functionality is most important from business point of view?
- Which functionality is most visible to the user?
- Which functionality has the largest financial impact?
- Which aspects of the application are most important to the customer?
- Which parts of the code are most complex?
- Which parts of the application were developed in rush?
- Which aspects of similar/related previous projects caused problems?
- What do the developers think are the highest-risk aspects of the application?
- What kinds of problems would cause the worst publicity?
- What kinds of problems would cause the most customer service complaints?
- What kinds of tests could easily cover multiple functionalities?

Q28. What if the project isn't big enough to justify extensive testing?
Ans. Do risk analysis. See the impact of project errors, not the size of the project.

Q29. How can web based applications be tested?
Ans. Apart from functionality consider the following:

- What are the expected loads on the server and what kind of performance is expected on the client side?
- Who is the target audience?
- Will down time for server and content maintenance / upgrades be allowed?
- What kinds of security will be required and what is it expected to do?
- How reliable are the site's Internet / intranet connections required to be?
- How do the internet / intranet affect backup system or redundant connection requirements and testing?
- What variations will be allowed for targeted browsers?
- Will there be any standards or requirements for page appearance and / or graphics throughout a site or parts of a site?
- How will internal and external links be validated and updated?
- How are browser caching and variations in browser option settings?
- How are flash, applets, java scripts, ActiveX components, etc. to be maintained, tracked, controlled, and tested?
- From the usability point of view consider the following:

-- Pages should be 3-5 screens longer.
-- The page layouts and design elements should be consistent throughout the application / web site.
--Pages should be as browser-independent or generate based on the browser-type.
--There should be no dead-end pages. A link to a contact person or organization should be included on each page.

Q30. What is Extreme Programming?
Ans. Extreme Programming is a software development approach for risk-prone projects with unstable requirements. Unit testing is a core aspect of Extreme Programming. Programmers write unit and functional test code first - before writing the application code. Generally, customers are expected to be an integral part of the project team and to help create / design scenarios for acceptance testing.

Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers

2009-02-26T19:14:00.000-08:00

Manual Testing Interview Questions

Q1. What is Software Testing?
Ans. Operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results. The controlled conditions must include both normal and abnormal conditions. It is oriented to detection.

Q2. What is Software Quality Assurance?
Ans. Software QA involves the monitoring and improving the entire software development process, making sure that any agreed-upon standards and procedures are followed. It is oriented to prevention.

Q 3. What are the qualities of a good test engineer?
Ans.

A good test engineer has a test to break attitude.
An ability to take the point of view of the customer
a strong desire for quality
Tactful and diplomatic
Good communication skills
Previous software development experience can be helpful as it provides a deeper understanding of the software development process
Good judgment skills

Q4. What are the qualities of a good QA engineer?
Ans.

The same qualities a good tester
Additionally, they must be able to understand the entire software development process and how it can fit into the business approach and goals of the organization.
In organizations in the early stages of implementing QA processes, patience and diplomacy are especially needed.
An ability to find problems as well as to see 'what's missing' is important for inspections and reviews.

Q5. What are the qualities of a good QA or Test manager?
Ans.

Must be familiar with the software development process
able to maintain enthusiasm of their team and promote a positive atmosphere
always looking for preventing problems
able to promote teamwork to increase productivity
able to promote cooperation between software, test, and QA engineers
have the skills needed to promote improvements in QA processes
have the ability to say 'no' to other managers when quality is insufficient or QA processes are not being adhered
have people judgement skills for hiring and keeping skilled personnel
be able to run meetings and keep them focused

Q6. What is the 'software life cycle'?
Ans. The life cycle begins when an application is first conceived and ends when it is no longer in use.

Q7. Tell us about some world famous bugs
Ans. 1. In December of 2007 an error occurred in a new ERP payroll system for a large urban school system. More than one third of employees had received incorrect paychecks that results in overpayments of $53 million. Inadequate testing reportedly contributed to the problems

2. A software error reportedly resulted in overbilling to 11,000 customers of a major telecommunications company in June of 2006. Making the corrections in the bills took a long time.

3. In March of 2002 it was reported that software bugs in Britain's national tax system resulted in more than 100,000 erroneous tax overcharges.

Q8. What are the common problems in the software development process?
Ans.

Poor requirements
Unrealistic schedule
Inadequate testing
A request to pile on new features after development is unnderway.
Miscommunication

Q9. What are the common solutions to software development problems?
Ans.

Solid requirements
Realistic schedules
Adequate testing
stick to initial requirements where feasible
require walkthroughs and inspections when appropriate

Q10. What is a Quality Software?
Ans. Quality software is reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meets requirements and / or expectations, and is maintainable.

Q11. What is good code?
Ans. Good code is code that works, is reasonably bug free, and is readable and maintainable.

Q12. What is good design?
Ans. Good internal design is indicated by software code whose overall structure is clear, understandable, easily modifiable, and maintainable. It should also be robust with sufficient error-handling and status logging capability and work correctly when implemented. And, good functional design is indicated by an application whose functionality can be traced back to customer and end-user requirements.

Q13. What's the role of documentation in QA?
Ans. QA practices must be documented to enhance their repeatability. There should be a system for easily finding and obtaining information and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of information.

Q14. Which projects may not need independent test staff?
Ans. It depends on the size & nature of the project. Then, it depends on business risks, development methodology, the skills and experience of the developers.

Q15. Why does software have bugs?
Ans.

miscommunication or no communication
software complexity
programming errors
changing requirements
time pressures
poorly documented code
software development tools
egos - people prefer to say things like:
• 'no problem'
• 'piece of cake'
• 'I can whip that out in a few hours'

Build Verification Test or Smoke Test

2009-02-26T19:02:00.000-08:00

Build Verification Testing or Smoke Testing is a set of tests that run on new build to verify that whether the build is testable or not. It is done prior to its release to test team for further testing. This testing is done for Build Validation and Build Acceptance.

The test cases of Build Verification Testing can include core functionality test cases that ensure software / application is stable and can be tested thoroughly. Some key points for this kind of

Software Testing is:
The Build Verification tests are subset of tests cases that verify main functionalities
These tests typically run for each build. If any of the tests fail, the build is rejected
It is done to save the efforts of a testing team to setup and test a build when major functionalities are having defects
An ideal BVT should not run more than 30 - 60 minutes depending on the testing points in the application.
It is better is these tests can be automated. If any of the tests fails, then developers fix the issues and deploy these to testing server.
In Build Verification Testing, one needs to check for the integrity of various modules of the application. Checking the integration of various modules is important when different teams work on different modules.

Some Basic Checks:
Check whether - all the new and modified files are included in release
All file formats are correct
Every file version and language
Flags associated with each file

Below are some tips to select Build Verification tests:
Include only critical test cases and they should be sufficient for application test coverage
Add only stable test cases and all the test cases should have known expected results
Do not include modules in BVT, which are not yet stable
Set some standards and these standards shall be met only by analyzing major project features and scenarios
BVT automation scripts needs to be maintained and modified time-to-time. Include test cases when there are new stable project modules available
Try to automate this process as much as possible - automate everything
Do not write BVT test cases scripts in hurry
Process for running the build verification tests:
The results are sent to TL / PM
Results are analyzed by TL / PM
The person who runs the tests and TL / PM diagnoses the cause of failure (if any)
If there is any defect, the relevant information is sent to respective developers
Developer fixes the bug
Once the bug is fixed; BVT test suite is executed again. This process gets repeated for every new build.

Also, remember that some times tests fail because of the following reasons:
Test case coding error

Automation Tool error

Infrastructure error
Hardware / software failures etc.
So, see the root causes of failures, and then take proper action. Log as much detailed info as possible to diagnose the BVT pass or fail result.

Penetration Testing

2009-02-26T18:59:00.000-08:00

Penetration Testing - Evaluating the security of a computer system or network by hacking. Basically, it is an analysis of system for any potential vulnerabilities that may result from any of the following:

Poor or improper system configuration
Known and / or unknown hardware or software flaws
Operational weaknesses in process
Technical countermeasures

In other words, we can say that it is the process of actively evaluating your information security measures.

Importance of Penetration Testing:

It prevents financial loss through from hackers or extortionists or disgruntled employees

It prevents financial loss through unreliable business systems and processes
From an operational perspective, penetration testing helps shape information security strategy.

It protects your brand by avoiding loss of consumer confidence and business reputation.

Below are some common areas that can be tested in Penetration Testing:

Telephony or remote access

Products such as operating systems, applications, databases, networking equipment etc.

Custom build dynamic web sites or in-house applications etc.
WIFI, Bluetooth, IR, GSM or any other wireless devices etc.Access control devices etc.

However, you do not need to test all of the above mentioned areas. Do a risk analysis to find the main threats.

Selecting Penetration Testing Software: Before you select Penetration Testing Software, you will need to identify the types of tests that are required. (As tests may vary from application to application).

Example of Penetration Testing Software which is good to use for varity of penetration tests is DevPartner Studio Professional Edition. It is an award-winning suite of software development and testing tools that enable Windows application teams to build reliable, high-performance applications, components and web services for Microsoft .NET and native Windows platforms. You can download it from below URL:

http://www.compuware.com/products/devpartner/studio.htm

If you would like to use some third party Software Testing Services for penetration testing, below are some important points that you need to remember while selecting the vendor:

Eliminate the supplier who provided the systems that will be tested.

Is security assessment their core business?

How long have they been providing penetration testing software services?

Do they offer a range of services that can be tailored to your specific needs?

Do they perform their own research?

How experienced are the proposed testing team and do they hold professional certifications?

Are they recognised good contributors within the penetration testing software services?

What is their policy on information security and confidentiality?

Are they ready to do a legal agreement that will protect you from negligence on behalf of the supplier?

Usability Testing

2009-02-26T18:57:00.000-08:00

Usability Testing in Software Testing refers to evaluating the ease with which users can use a new application / software product.

Software Usability is ease with which a product can be used by a specific group of users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. Usable software enables workers to concentrate on their tasks rather than the software they are using. In other words, we can say a product as usable, if

It’s easy to learn

Easy to remember
Efficient to use
Enjoyable to use

Pleasing User InterfaceProvides quick recovery from errors

Every design and development decision made throughout the software development life cycle has an impact on that software’s usability.

Achieving the good Usability of a Software Product:

Observing users at their jobs and identifying their typical work tasks and procedures.

Meeting with users and trying to find out about their preferences and needs.

Evaluate the usability of similar products in the market
Include the users early in the development phase
Evaluate software against accepted usability principles
Consider the above points while during the whole Product Development Life Cycle

Benefits of Usability Testing:

Results in technical support savings
Good usability increases product sales
Good usability positively impacts user performance and satisfaction

It also improves development productivity through more efficient design and fewer code revisions.
Procedure for Usability Testing: Usability Testing is different from a normal testing or quality assurance. Below are some important points of Usability Testing:

Each test has a specific concern that is tested
The participants are real users and so real tasks
The participants are observed and recorded. The data is analyzed, problems diagnosed and recommendations made.

Tasks in Usability Testing:

Identification of participants from user pool.
Determining the usability criteria and measures.
Creation of test material and writing task scenarios.
Identify the test location
Pilot testing materials and procedures
Introduction of Product and procedures to the participants
Executing the task-based tests i.e. participants are asked to complete a series of tasks that address the specific goals and concerns being tested.
Participants are asked to articulate their thoughts, feeling and actions.
Recording of video images.
Analysis of data and documenting findings

Making recommendations.

During the Usability Testing, we can able to identify those areas of the system that will cause users to make errors, become less productive or be unable to complete a required activity

Rapid Testing

2009-02-26T18:52:00.000-08:00

Rapid testing is the testing software faster than usual, without compromising on the standards of quality. It is the technique to test as thorough as reasonable within the constraints. This technique looks at testing as a process of heuristic inquiry and logically speaking it should be based on exploratory testing techniques.

Although most projects undergo continuous testing, it does not usually produce the information required to deal with the situations where it is necessary to make an instantaneous assessment of the product's quality at a particular moment. In most cases the testing is scheduled for just prior to launch and conventional testing techniques often cannot be applied to software that is incomplete or subject to constant change. At times like these Rapid Testing can be used.

The structure of rapid testing is built four components:

People
Integrated test process
Static Testing
Dynamic Testing

There is a need for people who can handle the pressure of tight schedules. They need to be productive contributors even through the early phases of the development life cycle with the core skill as the ability to think critically.

It should also be noted that dynamic testing lies at the heart of the software testing process, and the planning, design, development, and execution of dynamic tests should be performed well for any testing process to be efficient.

It would help us if we examine each phase of a development process very carefully to see how the efficiency, speed and quality of testing can be improved, bearing in mind the following factors:

Actions that the test team can take to prevent defects from escaping. For example, practices like extreme programming and exploratory testing.

Actions that the test team can take to manage risk to the development schedule.
The information that can be obtained from each phase so that the test team can speed up the activities.

If a test process is designed around the answers to these questions, both the speed of testing and the quality of the final product should be enhanced.
Some of the aspects that can be used while rapid testing are given below:

Test for link integrity
Test for disabled accessibility
Test the default settings
Check the navigations

Check for input constraints by injecting special characters at the sources of data
Run Multiple instances

Check for interdependencies and stress them

Test for consistency of design
Test for compatibility
Test for usability

Check for the possible variability’s and attack them

Go for possible stress and load testsAnd our favorite – banging the keyboard

TCS Paper-2

2008-07-01T17:56:00.001-07:00

SECTION 1: VERBAL

COMPREHENSION HAD SIX QUESTIONS.SO HAD FILL IN THE BLANKS.FORMER WAS A VERY BORING PASSAGE.FILL IN HAD A PASSAGE WITH SIX SENTENCES IN BETWEEN TO BE FILLED WITH EIGHT CHOICES GIVEN.ALL STUDENTS HAD DIFFERENT PASSAGES.THE DATABASE IS VERY LARGE.FOR FILL IN GRE BOOK IS RECOMMENDED.
MOST OF THEM WERE NOT ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE PASSAGE.

I HAVE GIVEN BELOW THE WORDS THAT WERE ASKED IN SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS.

1. WHIMSICAL
2. CENSURE.
3. OPTIMUM.
4. MISAPPREHENSION.
5. CANDID.
6. TORSE.
7. CITE.
8. EFFUSIVE.
9. IRRADIATE.
10. TENACIOUS.
11. VOLUBLE.
12. BANAL.
13. RUPTURE.
14. STANDING.
15. NASCENT.
16. TRANSIENT.
17. CLUTCH.
18. GENERIC.
19. EMPIRICAL.
20. ANOMALY.
21. CIRCUITOUS.
22. HAMPER.
23. SURVEILLANCE.
24. OBJECTIVE.
25. RAUCOUS.
26. VORACIOUS.
27. PEDIGREE.
28. FIDELITY.
29. AUGMENT.
30. PRECARIOUS.
31. TRANSIENT.
32. ALACRITY.
33. DEROGATORY.
34. ONUS.
35. ANALOGUE.
36. EXPEDIENT.
37. ANALOGOUS.
38. ASSUAGE.
39. COMPLIANCE.
40. IRRADIATE.
41. DIFFIDANT.
42. PLAINTIVE.
43. INCINUATE.
44. MISDEMEANOR.
45. EXONERATE.
46. GREGARIOUS.
47. ANATHEMATIZE.
48. BENIGN.
49. ATTENUATE.
50. SONOROUS.
51. BOLSTER.
52. DIVERGENT.
53. DECOLLATE
54. HETERODOX
55. RESTIVENESS
56. IGNONIMOUS.
57. PLAGARIOUS.
58. EFFIGY.
59. TENACIOUS.
60. RETROGADE.
61. SACROSANCT.
62. DANGLE.
63. ANOMALY.
64. CRYPTIC.
65. DEBILIATE.
66. DIVULGE.
67. SCEPTIC.
68. SPENDTHRIFT.
69. INDIGENOUS.
70. ERRONIUS.
71. RUPTURE.
72. MINION.
73. VERACITY.
74. QUAIL.
75. DESULTORY.
76. SAGE.

SECTION 2: QUANTITATIVE AND LOGICAL REASONING.

MOST OF THE QUESTIONS WERE FROM TCS OLD PAPERS.
THE QUESTIONS WILL BE OF THIS PATTERN TO EVERYONE. ONLY THE DATA GETS CHANGED.

1. In a two-dimensional array, X (9, 7), with each element occupying 4 bytes of memory, with the address of the first element X (1, 1) is 3000, find the address of X (8, 5).
2. In the word ORGANISATIONAL, if the first and second, third and forth, forth and fifth, fifth and sixth words are interchanged up to the last letter, what would be the tenth letter from right?
3. What is the largest prime number that can be stored in an 8-bit memory?
4. Select the odd one out. a. Java b. Lisp c. Smalltalk d. Eiffel.
5. Select the odd one out a. SMTP b. WAP c. SAP d. ARP
6. Select the odd one out a. Oracle b. Linux c. Ingress d. DB2
7. Select the odd one out a. WAP b. HTTP c. BAAN d. ARP
8. Select the odd one out a. LINUX b. UNIX c. SOLARIS d. SQL SEVER
9. Select the odd one out a. SQL b. DB2 c. SYBASE d. HTTP
10. The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M = square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much memory now occupied?
11. A man, a woman, and a child can do a piece of work in 6 days. Man only can do it in 24 days. Woman can do it in 16 days and in how many days child can do the same work?
12. In which of the system, decimal number 384 is equal to 1234?
13. Find the value of the 678 to the base 7.
14. Number of faces, vertices and edges of a cube
15. Complete the series 2, 7, 24, 77,__
16. Find the value of @@+25-++@16, where @ denotes "square" and + denotes "square root".
17. Find the result of the following expression if, M denotes modulus operation, R denotes round-off, T denotes truncation: M(373,5)+R(3.4)+T(7.7)+R(5.8)
18. If TAFJHH is coded as RBEKGI then RBDJK can be coded as ---------
19. G(0)=-1, G(1)=1, G(N)=G(N-1) - G(N-2), G(5)= ?
20. What is the max possible 3 digit prime number?
21. A power unit is there by the bank of the river of 750 meters width. A cable is made from power unit to power a plant opposite to that of the river and 1500mts away from the power unit. The cost of the cable below water is Rs. 15/- per meter and cost of cable on the bank is Rs.12/- per meter. Find the total of laying the cable.
22. The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M = square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much memory now occupied?
23. In Madras, temperature at noon varies according to -t^2/2 + 8t + 3, where t is elapsed time. Find how much temperature more or less in 4pm to 9pm.
24. The size of the bucket is N kb. The bucket fills at the rate of 0.1 kb per millisecond. A programmer sends a program to receiver. There it waits for 10 milliseconds. And response will be back to programmer in 20 milliseconds. How much time the program takes to get a response back to the programmer, after it is sent?
25. A man, a woman, and a child can do a piece of work in 6 days. Man only can do it in 24 days. Woman can do it in 16 days and in how many days child can do the same work?
26. If the vertex (5,7) is placed in the memory. First vertex (1,1) ?s address is 1245 and then address of (5,7) is ----------
27. Which of the following are orthogonal pairs? a. 3i+2j b. i+j c. 2i-3j d. -7i+j
28. If VXUPLVH is written as SURMISE, what is SHDVD?
29. If A, B and C are the mechanisms used separately to reduce the wastage of fuel by 30%, 20% and 10%. What will be the fuel economy if they were used combined.
30. What is the power of 2? a. 2068 b.2048 c.2668
31. Complete the series. 3, 8, --, 24, --, 48, 63
32. Complete the series. 4, -5, 11, -14, 22, ---
33. A, B and C are 8 bit no?s. They are as follows:
A 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
B 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
C 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Find ( (A-B) u C )=?
Hint :
A-B is {A} ? {A n B}

34. A Flight takes off at 2 A.M from northeast direction and travels for 11 hours to reach the destination which is in north west direction. Given the latitude and longitude of source and destination. Find the local time of destination when the flight reaches there?
35. A can copy 50 papers in 10 hours while both A & B can copy 70 papers in 10 hours. Then for how many hours required for B to copy 26 papers?
36. A is twice efficient than B. A and B can both work together to complete a work in 7 days. Then find in how many days A alone can complete the work?
37. A finish the work in 10 days. B is 60% efficient than A. So how days does B take to finish the work?
38. A finishes the work in 10 days & B in 8 days individually. If A works for only 6 days then how many days should B work to complete A?s work?
39. Given the length of the 3 sides of a triangle. Find the one that is impossible? (HINT : sum of smaller 2 sides is greater than the other one which is larger)
40. Find the singularity matrix from a given set of matrices?(Hint det(A)==0)
41. A 2D array is declared as A[9,7] and each element requires 2 byte. If A[ 1,1 ] is stored in 3000. Find the memory of A[8,5] ?
42. Sum of slopes of 2 perpendicular st. lines is given. Find the pair of lines from the given set of options which satisfy the above condition?
43. (a) 2+3i (b)1+i (c) 3-2i (d) 1-7i .Find which of the above is orthogonal.
44. (Momentum*Velocity)/(Acceleration * distance ) find units.
45. The number 362 in decimal system is given by (1362)x in the X system of numbers find the value of X a}5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8 e) 9
46. Given $ means Tripling and % means change of sign then find the value of $%$6-%$%6
47. My flight takes of at 2am from a place at 18N 10E and landed 10 Hrs later at a place with coordinates 36N70W. What is the local time when my plane landed.
a) 6:00 am b) 6:40am c)7:40 d)7:00 e)8:00 (Hint : Every 1 deg longitude is equal to 4 minutes . If west to east add time else subtract time)
48. Find the highest prime number that can be stored in an 8bit computer.
49. Which of the following set of numbers has the highest Standard deviation?
1,0,1,0,1,0
-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
1,1,1,1,1,1
1,1,0,-1,0,-1

50. Match the following:
1. Male - Boy ---> a. A type of
2. Square - Polygon ---> b. A part of
3. Roof - Building ---> c. Not a type of
4. Mushroom - Vegetables ---> d. A superset of
Ans: 1- d, 2- a, 3- b, 4- c
51. Match the following.
1. brother ? sister ---> a. Part of
2. Alsatian ? dog ---> b. Sibling
3. sentence ? paragraph ---> c. Type of
4. car - steering ---> d. Not a type of
Ans. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d

*****Remaining Questions were from Graph, pie charts, Bar chart and Venn diagram which were very easy.

SECTION 3: CRITICAL REASONING(BRM ?LOGICAL REASONING PACKAGE WILL BE VERY HELPFUL)

I.The players G,H,J,K,L,M,N,O are to be felicitated of representing the county team in Baseball Out of these H,M,O also are in the Football team and K,N are there in the Basket ball team . These players are to be seated on a table and no two players who has represented the county in more than one game are to sit together.
1.Which one of the orders can they be seated in
2. Which of the orders is not possible
3. If N is seated in the middle then which of the following pairs cannot be seated near him .
4. If M is seated then which of the following pairs can be seated next to him.

Choices are given for all the questions

II There are 2 groups named Brown and red. They can?t marry in the same group. If the husband or wife dies then the person will convert to their own group. If a person is married then the husband will have to change his group to his wife?s group. The child will own the mothers group. From these a set of 4 questions were given .Solve them
Eg;
1.Brown?s daughter is red (False)
2. If a person is red. Then his/her mother?s brother belong to which group if he is married (Brown)

III 7 people ? a,b,c,d,e,f,g
Need to make a seating arrangement for them.
Conditions: 1)A should be at the center 2) B,F should be at the right extreme 3)C,E always in pair 4)D,G as far as possible
Questions from the above were asked?

Eg:
Which of the following pairs were not possible?

Others questions were similar to the above. More questions were from Barrons.

HR QUESTIONS:

For all the questions they expect a elaborate answer with justifications and not a short one.
1) Market urself
2) Why TCS ?
3) Will u switch over to any other company after joining TCS? If NO then why?
4) R u mobile? ( R u ready to go anywhere ?)
5) R u ready to go to places of extreme temperature. If yes what do u think of ur safety?
6) What are the requirements for leadership quality ?
7) Why u switch over to s/w from ur own back ground?
8) What are the qualities required for a s/w engineer and Project manager?
9) Rate ur good qualities?
10) What is the difference between hard and smart work?
11) Do u have a plan of doing higher studies ?

Technical Questions :
General :

The questions were different for different persons and depends on the field of interest that u say.

Communication :

1) OSI Layers in n/w with the functionalities
2) TCP/IP protocol
3) Bridges, Routers, LAN, WAN, MAN
4) Token bus, FDDI, Ethernet

C Language :

1) Datastructures esp :Linked list and trees
2) Structures , unions, Kind of variables ( local ,Global)
3) Strrev( ) program
4) Case structure (it is not the usual switch case stat)
5) Calloc,malloc
6) Divide 2 number and print the o/p ( NOTE: Check for divide by zero error)

TCS APTITUDE PAPER WITH SOLUTIONS

2008-07-01T17:55:00.001-07:00

TCS APTITUDE PAPER WITH SOLUTIONS N

1) If log 0.317=0.3332 and log 0.318=0.3364 then find log 0.319 ?
Sol) log 0.317=0.3332 and log 0.318=0.3364, then
log 0.319=log0.318+(log0.318-log0.317) = 0.3396

2) A box of 150 packets consists of 1kg packets and 2kg packets. Total weight of box is 264kg. How many 2kg packets are there ?
Sol) x= 2 kg Packs
y= 1 kg packs
x + y = 150 .......... Eqn 1
2x + y = 264 .......... Eqn 2
Solve the Simultaneous equation; x = 114
so, y = 36
ANS : Number of 2 kg Packs = 114.

3) My flight takes of at 2am from a place at 18N 10E and landed 10 Hrs later at a place with coordinates 36N70W. What is the local time when my plane landed?
6:00 am b) 6:40am c) 7:40 d) 7:00 e) 8:00
Sol) The destination place is 80 degree west to the starting place. Hence the time difference between these two places is 5 hour 20 min. (=24hr*80/360).
When the flight landed, the time at the starting place is 12 noon (2 AM + 10 hours).
Hence, the time at the destination place is 12 noon - 5:20 hours = 6: 40 AM

4) A plane moves from 9°N40°E to 9°N40°W. If the plane starts at 10 am and takes 8 hours to reach the destination, find the local arrival time ?
Sol) Since it is moving from east to west longitide we need to add both
ie,40+40=80
multiply the ans by 4
=>80*4=320min
convert this min to hours ie, 5hrs 33min
It takes 8hrs totally . So 8-5hr 30 min=2hr 30min
So the ans is 10am+2hr 30 min
=>ans is 12:30 it will reach

5) The size of the bucket is N kb. The bucket fills at the rate of 0.1 kb per millisecond. A programmer sends a program to receiver. There it waits for 10 milliseconds. And response will be back to programmer in 20 milliseconds. How much time the program takes to get a response back to the programmer, after it is sent? Please tell me the answer with explanation. Very urgent.
Sol) see it doesn't matter that wat the time is being taken to fill the bucket.after reaching program it waits there for 10ms and back to the programmer in 20 ms.then total time to get the response is 20ms +10 ms=30ms...it's so simple....

6) A file is transferred from one location to another in 'buckets'. The size of the bucket is 10 kilobytes. Each bucket gets filled at the rate of 0.0001 kilobytes per millisecond. The transmission time from sender to receiver is 10 milliseconds per bucket. After the receipt of the bucket the receiver sends an acknowledgement that reaches sender in 100 milliseconds. Assuming no error during transmission, write a formula to calculate the time taken in seconds to successfully complete the transfer of a file of size N kilobytes.
(n/1000)*(n/10)*10+(n/100)....as i hv calculated...~~!not 100% sure

7) A fisherman's day is rated as good if he catches 9 fishes, fair if 7 fishes and bad if 5 fishes. He catches 53 fishes in a week n had all good, fair n bad days in the week. So how many good, fair n bad days did the fisher man had in the week
Ans:4 good, 1 fair n 2 bad days
Sol) Go to river catch fish
4*9=36
7*1=7
2*5=10
36+7+10=53...
take what is given 53
good days means --- 9 fishes so 53/9=4(remainder=17) if u assume 5 then there is no chance for bad days.
fair days means ----- 7 fishes so remaining 17 --- 17/7=1(remainder=10) if u assume 2 then there is no chance for bad days.
bad days means -------5 fishes so remaining 10---10/5=2days.
Ans: 4 good, 1 fair, 2bad. ==== total 7 days.

x+y+z=7--------- eq1
9*x+7*y+5*z=53 -------eq2
multiply eq 1 by 9,
9*x+9*y+9*z=35 -------------eq3
from eq2 and eq3
2*y+4*z=10-----eq4
since all x,y and z are integer i sud put a integer value of y such that z sud be integer in eq 4 .....and ther will be two value y=1 or 3 then z = 2 or 1 from eq 4

for first y=1,z=2 then from eq1 x= 4
so 9*4+1*7+2*5=53.... satisfied
now for second y=3 z=1 then from eq1 x=3
so 9*3+3*7+1*5=53 ......satisfied
so finally there are two solution of this question
(x,y,z)=(4,1,2) and (3,3,1)...

8) Y catches 5 times more fishes than X. If total number of fishes caught by X and Y is 42, then number of fishes caught by X?
Sol) Let no. of fish x catches=p
no. caught by y =r
r=5p.
r+p=42
then p=7,r=35

9) Three companies are working independently and receiving the savings 20%, 30%, 40%. If the companies work combinely, what will be their net savings?
suppose total income is 100 http://www.TowardsJob.com
so amount x is getting is 80
y is 70
z =60
total=210

but total money is 300
300-210=90
so they are getting 90 rs less
90 is 30% of 300 so they r getting 30% discount

10) The ratio of incomes of C and D is 3:4.the ratio of their expenditures is 4:5. Find the ratio of their savings if the savings of C is one fourths of his income?
Sol) incomes:3:4
expenditures:4:5
3x-4y=1/4(3x)
12x-16y=3x
9x=16y
y=9x/16
(3x-4(9x/16))/((4x-5(9x/16)))
ans:12/19

11) If G(0) = -1 G(1)= 1 and G(N)=G(N-1) - G(N-2) then what is the value of G(6)?
ans: -1
bcoz g(2)=g(1)-g(0)=1+1=2
g(3)=1
g(4)=-1
g(5)=-2
g(6)=-1

12) If A can copy 50 pages in 10 hours and A and B together can copy 70 pages in 10 hours, how much time does B takes to copy 26 pages?
Sol) A can copy 50 pages in 10 hrs.
A can copy 5 pages in 1hr.(50/10)
now A & B can copy 70 pages in 10hrs.
thus, B can copy 90 pages in 10 hrs.[eqn. is (50+x)/2=70, where x--> no. of pages B can copy in 10 hrs.]
so, B can copy 9 pages in 1hr.
therefore, to copy 26 pages B will need almost 3hrs.
since in 3hrs B can copy 27 pages.

13) what's the answer for that :
A, B and C are 8 bit no's. They are as follows:
A -> 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
B -> 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
C -> 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 ( - =minus, u=union)
Find ((A - C) u B) =?

To find A-C, We will find 2's compliment of C and them add it with A,
That will give us (A-C)
2's compliment of C=1's compliment of C+1
=11000101+1=11000110
A-C= 11000101

+ 11000110
=10001001
Now (A-C) U B is .OR. logic operation on (A-C) and B
10001001 .OR . 00110011
The answer is = 10111011,
Whose decimal equivalent is 187.

14) One circular array is given(means memory allocation tales place in circular fashion) diamension(9X7) and sarting add. is 3000, What is the address of (2,3)........
Sol) it's a 9x7 int array so it reqiure a 126 bytes for storing.b'ze integer value need 2 byes of memory allocation. and starting add is 3000
so starting add of 2x3 will be 3012.

15) In a two-dimensional array, X (9, 7), with each element occupying 4 bytes of memory, with the address of the first element X (1, 1) is 3000, find the address of X (8, 5).
Sol) initial x (1,1) = 3000 u hav to find from x(8,1)so u have x(1,1),x(1,2) ... x(7,7) = so u have totally 7 * 7 = 49 elementsu need to find for x(8,5) ? here we have 5 elements each element have 4 bytes : (49 + 5 -1) * 4 = 212 -----( -1 is to deduct the 1 element ) 3000 + 212 = 3212

16) Which of the following is power of 3 a) 2345 b) 9875 c) 6504 d) 9833

17) The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M = square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much memory now occupied ?
Sol) M=sqrt(100N)
N is increased by 1%
therefore new value of N=N + (N/100)
=101N/100
M=sqrt(100 * (101N/100) )
Hence, we get M=sqrt(101 * N)

18)
1)SCOOTER --j------- AUTOMOBILE--- A. PART OF
2.OXYGEN----------- WATER ------- B. A Type of
3.SHOP STAFF------- FITTERS------ C. NOT A TYPE OF
4. BUG -------------REPTILE------ D. A SUPERSET OF
1)B 2)A 3)D 4)C

19) A bus started from bustand at 8.00a m and after 30 min staying at destination, it returned back to the bustand. the destination is 27 miles from the bustand. the speed of the bus 50 percent fast speed. at what time it returns to the bustand
this is the step by step solution:
a bus cover 27 mile with 18 mph in =27/18= 1 hour 30 min. and it wait at stand =30 min.
after this speed of return increase by 50% so 50%of 18 mph=9mph
Total speed of returnig=18+9=27
Then in return it take 27/27=1 hour
then total time in joureny=1+1:30+00:30 =3 hour
so it will come at 8+3 hour=11 a.m.
So Ans==11 a.m

20) In two dimensional array X(7,9) each element occupies 2 bytes of memory.If the address of first element X(1,1)is 1258 then what will be the address of the element X(5,8) ?
Sol) Here, the address of first element x[1][1] is 1258 and also 2 byte of memory is given. now, we have to solve the address of element x[5][8], therefore, 1258+ 5*8*2 = 1258+80 = 1338 so the answer is 1338.

21) The temperature at Mumbai is given by the function: -t2/6+4t+12 where t is the elapsed time since midnight. What is the percentage rise (or fall) in temperature between 5.00PM and 8.00PM?

22) Low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 high as higher temperature in a day. Sum of the low temperature and highest temp. is 100 degrees. Then what is the low temp?
Sol) Let highest temp be x
so low temp=1/3 of x of 1/2 of x plus x/2 i.e. x/6+x/2
total temp=x+x/6+x/2=100
therefore, x=60
Lowest temp is 40

23) In Madras, temperature at noon varies according to -t^2/2 + 8t + 3, where t is elapsed time. Find how much temperature more or less in 4pm to 9pm. Ans. At 9pm 7.5 more
Sol) In equestion first put t=9,
we will get 34.5...........................(1)
now put t=4,
we will get 27..............................(2)
so ans=34.5-27
=7.5

24) A person had to multiply two numbers. Instead of multiplying by 35, he multiplied by 53 and the product went up by 540. What was the raised product?
a) 780 b) 1040 c) 1590 d) 1720
Sol) x*53-x*35=540=> x=30 therefore, 53*30=1590 Ans

25) How many positive integer solutions does the equation 2x+3y = 100 have?
a) 50 b) 33 c) 16 d) 35
Sol) There is a simple way to answer this kind of Q's given 2x+3y=100, take l.c.m of 'x' coeff and 'y' coeff i.e. l.c.m of 2,3 ==6then divide 100 with 6 , which turns out 16 hence answer is 16short cut formula--- constant / (l.cm of x coeff and y coeff)

26) The total expense of a boarding house are partly fixed and partly variable with the number of boarders. The charge is Rs.70 per head when there are 25 boarders and Rs.60 when there are 50 boarders. Find the charge per head when there are 100 boarders.
a) 65 b) 55 c) 50 d) 45
Sol)
Let a = fixed cost and k = variable cost and n = number of boarders
total cost when 25 boarders c = 25*70 = 1750 i.e. 1750 = a + 25k
total cost when 50 boarders c = 50*60 = 3000 i.e. 3000 = a + 50k
solving above 2 eqns, 3000-1750 = 25k i.e. 1250 = 25k i.e. k = 50
therefore, substituting this value of k in either of above 2 eqns we get
a = 500 (a = 3000-50*50 = 500 or a = 1750 - 25*50 = 500)
so total cost when 100 boarders = c = a + 100k = 500 + 100*50 = 5500
so cost per head = 5500/100 = 55

27) Amal bought 5 pens, 7 pencils and 4 erasers. Rajan bought 6 pens, 8 erasers and 14 pencils for an amount which was half more than what Amal had paid. What % of the total amount paid by Amal was paid for pens?
a) 37.5% b) 62.5% c) 50% d) None of these
Sol)
Let, 5 pens + 7 pencils + 4 erasers = x rupees
so 10 pens + 14 pencils + 8 erasers = 2*x rupees
also mentioned, 6 pens + 14 pencils + 8 erarsers = 1.5*x rupees
so (10-6) = 4 pens = (2-1.5)x rupees
so 4 pens = 0.5x rupees => 8 pens = x rupees
so 5 pens = 5x/8 rupees = 5/8 of total (note x rupees is total amt paid byamal)
i.e 5/8 = 500/8% = 62.5% is the answer

28) I lost Rs.68 in two races. My second race loss is Rs.6 more than the first race. My friend lost Rs.4 more than me in the second race. What is the amount lost by my friend in the second race?
Sol)
x + x+6 = rs 68
2x + 6 = 68
2x = 68-6
2x = 62
x=31
x is the amt lost in I race
x+ 6 = 31+6=37 is lost in second race
then my friend lost 37 + 4 = 41 Rs

29) Ten boxes are there. Each ball weighs 100 gms. One ball is weighing 90 gms. i) If there are 3 balls (n=3) in each box, how many times will it take to find 90 gms ball? ii) Same question with n=10 iii) Same question with n=9
to me the chances are
when n=3
(i) nC1= 3C1 =3 for 10 boxes .. 10*3=30
(ii) 10C1=10 for 10 boxes ....10*10=100
(iii)9C1=9 for 10 boxes .....10*9=90

30) (1-1/6) (1-1/7).... (1- (1/ (n+4))) (1-(1/ (n+5))) = ?
leaving the first numerater and last denominater, all the numerater and denominater will cancelled out one another. Ans. 5/(n+5)

31) A face of the clock is divided into three parts. First part hours total is equal to the sum of the second and third part. What is the total of hours in the bigger part?
Sol) the clock normally has 12 hr
three parts x,y,z
x+y+z=12
x=y+z
2x=12
x=6
so the largest part is 6 hrs

32) With 4/5 full tank vehicle travels 12 miles, with 1/3 full tank how much distance travels
Sol) 4/5 full tank= 12 mile
1 full tank= 12/(4/5)
1/3 full tank= 12/(4/5)*(1/3)= 5 miles

33) wind blows 160 miles in 330min.for 80 miles how much time required
Sol) 160 miles= 330 min
1 mile = 330/160
80 miles=(330*80)/160=165 min.

34) A person was fined for exceeding the speed limit by 10mph.another person was also fined for exceeding the same speed limit by twice the same if the second person was travelling at a speed of 35 mph. find the speed limit
Sol)
(x+10)=(x+35)/2
solving the eqn we get x=15

35) A sales person multiplied a number and get the answer is 3 instead of that number divided by 3. what is the answer he actually has to get.
Sol) Assume 1
1* 3 = 3
1*1/3=1/3
so he has to got 1/3
this is the exact answer

36) A person who decided to go weekend trip should not exceed 8 hours driving in a day average speed of forward journey is 40 mph due to traffic in Sundays the return journey average speed is 30 mph. How far he can select a picnic spot.

37) Low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 hinge as higher temperature in a day. Sum of the low temp and high temp is 100 c. then what is the low temp.
ans is 40 c.
Sol) let x be the highest temp. then,
x+x/2+x/6=100.
therefore, x=60 which is the highest temp
and 100-x=40 which is the lowest temp.

38) car is filled with four and half gallons of oil for full round trip. Fuel is taken 1/4 gallons more in going than coming. What is the fuel consumed in coming up.
Sol) let feul consumed in coming up is x. thus equation is: x+1.25x=4.5ans:2gallons

39) A work is done by the people in 24 min. One of them can do this work alone in 40 min. How much time required to do the same work for the second person
Sol) Two people work together in 24 mins.
So, their one day work is
(1/A)+(1+B)=(1/24)
One man can complete the work in 40mins
one man's one day work (1/B)= (1/40)
Now,
(1/A)=(1/24)-(1/40)
(1/A)=(1/60)
So, A can complete the work in 60 mins.

40) In a company 30% are supervisors and 40% employees are male if 60% of supervisors are male. What is the probability? That a randomly chosen employee is a male or female?
Sol) 40% employees are male if 60% of supervisors are male so for 100% is 26.4%so the probability is 0.264

41) In 80 coins one coin is counterfeit what is minimum number of weighing to find out counterfeit coin
Sol) the minimum number of wieghtings needed is just 5.as shown below
(1) 80->30-30
(2) 15-15
(3) 7-7
(4) 3-3
(5) 1-1

42) 2 oranges, 3 bananas and 4 apples cost Rs.15. 3 oranges, 2 bananas, and 1 apple costs Rs 10. What is the cost of 3 oranges, 3 bananas and 3 apples?
2x+3y+4z=15
3x+2y+z=10 adding
5x+5y+5z=25
x+y+z=5 that is for 1 orange, 1 bannana and 1 apple requires 5Rs.
so for 3 orange, 3 bannana and 3 apple requires 15Rs.
i.e. 3x+3y+3z=15

43) In 8*8 chess board what is the total number of squares refers
Sol) odele discovered that there are 204 squares on the board We found that you would add the different squares - 1 + 4 + 9 + 16+ 25 + 36 + 49 + 64.
Also in 3*3 tic tac toe board what is the total no of squares
Ans 14 ie 9+4(bigger ones)+1 (biggest one)
If you ger 100*100 board just use the formula
the formula for the sum of the first n perfect squares is
n x (n + 1) x (2n + 1)
______________________
6
if in this formula if you put n=8 you get your answer 204

44) One fast typist type some matter in 2hr and another slow typist type the same matter in 3hr. If both do combinely in how much time they will finish.
Sol) Faster one can do 1/2 of work in one hourslower one can do 1/3 of work in one hourboth they do (1/2+1/3=5/6) th work in one hour.so work will b finished in 6/5=1.2 hour i e 1 hour 12 min.

45) If Rs20/- is available to pay for typing a research report & typist A produces 42 pages and typist B produces 28 pages. How much should typist A receive?
Here is the answer Find of 42 % of 20 rs with respect to 70 (i.e 28 + 42) ==> (42 * 20 )/70 ==> 12 Rs

46) An officer kept files on his table at various times in the order 1,2,3,4,5,6. Typist can take file from top whenever she has time and type it.What order she cannt type.?

47) In some game 139 members have participated every time one fellow will get bye what is the number of matches to choose the champion to be held?
the answer is 138 matches
Sol) since one player gets a bye in each round,he will reach the finals of the tournament without playing a match. http://www.TowardsJob.com
therefore 137 matches should be played to detemine the second finalist from the remaining 138 players(excluding the 1st player)
therefore to determine the winner 138 matches shd be played.

48) One rectangular plate with length 8inches, breadth 11 inches and 2 inches thickness is there. What is the length of the circular rod with diameter 8 inches and equal to volume of rectangular plate?
Sol) Vol. of rect. plate= 8*11*2=176
area of rod=(22/7)*(8/2)*(8/2)=(352/7)
vol. of rod=area*length=vol. of plate
so length of rod= vol of plate/area=176/(352/7)=3.5

49) One tank will fill in 6 minutes at the rate of 3cu ft /min, length of tank is 4 ft and the width is 1/2 of length, what is the depth of the tank?
3 ft 7.5 inches

50) A man has to get air-mail. He starts to go to airport on his motorbike. Plane comes early and the mail is sent by a horse-cart. The man meets the cart in the middle after half an hour. He takes the mail and returns back, by doing so, he saves twenty minutes. How early did the plane arrive?
ans:10min:::assume he started at 1:00,so at 1:30 he met cart. He returned home at 2:00.so it took him 1 hour for the total jorney.by doing this he saved 20 min.so the actual time if the plane is not late is 1 hour and 20 min.so the actual time of plane is at 1:40.The cart travelled a time of 10 min before it met him.so the plane is 10 min early.

51) Ram singh goes to his office in the city every day from his suburban house. His driver Mangaram drops him at the railway station in the morning and picks him up in the evening. Every evening Ram singh reaches the station at 5 o'clock. Mangaram also reaches at the same time. One day Ram singh started early from his office and came to the station at 4 o'clock. Not wanting to wait for the car he starts walking home. Mangaram starts at normal time, picks him up on the way and takes him back house, half an hour early. How much time did Ram singh walked?

52) 2 trees are there. One grows at 3/5 of the other. In 4 years total growth of the trees is 8 ft. what growth will smaller tree have in 2 years.
Sol) THE BIG TREE GROWS 8FT IN 4 YEARS=>THE BIG TREE GROWS 4FT IN 2 YEARS.WHEN WE DIVIDE 4FT/5=.8*3=>2.4
ans: 1.5 mt 4 (x+(3/5)x)=88x/5=2x=5/4 after 2 years x=(3/5)*(5/4)*2 =1.5

53) There is a six digit code. Its first two digits, multiplied by 3 gives all ones. And the next two digits multiplied by 6 give all twos. Remaining two digits multiplied by 9 gives all threes. Then what is the code?
sol) Assume the digit xx xx xx (six digits)
First Two digit xx * 3=111
xx=111/3=37
( first two digits of 1 is not divisible by 3 so we can use 111)
Second Two digit xx*6=222
xx=222/6=37
( first two digits of 2 is not divisible by 6 so we can use 222)
Thrid Two digit xx*9=333
xx=333/9=37
( first two digits of 3 is not divisible by 9 so we can use 333)

54) There are 4 balls and 4 boxes of colours yellow, pink, red and green. Red ball is in a box whose colour is same as that of the ball in a yellow box. Red box has green ball. In which box you find the yellow ball?
ans is green...
Sol) Yellow box can have either of pink/yellow balls.
if we put a yellow ball in "yellow" box then it wud imply that "yellow" is also the colour of the box which has the red ball(becoz acordin 2 d question,d box of the red ball n the ball in the yellow box have same colour)
thus this possibility is ruled out...
therefore the ball in yellow box must be pink,hence the colour of box containin red ball is also pink....
=>the box colour left out is "green",,,which is alloted to the only box left,,,the one which has yellow ball..

55) A bag contains 20 yellow balls, 10 green balls, 5 white balls, 8 black balls, and 1 red ball. How many minimum balls one should pick out so that to make sure the he gets at least 2 balls of same color.
Ans:he should pick 6 ball totally.
Sol) Suppose he picks 5 balls of all different colours then when he picks up the sixth one, it must match any on of the previously drawn ball colour.
thus he must pick 6 balls

56) What is the number of zeros at the end of the product of the numbers from 1 to 100
Sol) For every 5 in unit palce one zero is added Ch eta naS
so between 1 to 100 there are 10 nos like 5,15,25,..,95 which has 5 in unit place.
Similarly for every no divisible by 10 one zero is added in the answer so between 1 to 100 11 zeros are added
for 25,50,75 3 extra zeros are added
so total no of zeros are 10+11+3=24

57) 10 Digit number has its first digit equals to the numbers of 1's, second digit equals to the numbers of 2's, 3rd digit equals to the numbers of 3's .4th equals number of 4's..till 9th digit equals to the numbers of 9's and 10th digit equals to the number of 0's. what is the number?.(6marks)
ans:2100010006
2---shows that two 1's in the ans
1---shows that one 2 in ans
0---shows no 3 in the ans
0---shows no 4 in the ans
0---shows no 5 in the ans
1---shows one 6 in the ans
0---shows no 7 in the ans
0---shows no 8 in the ans
0---shows no 9 in the ans
6---shows six 0's in the ans

58) There are two numbers in the ratio 8:9. if the smaller of the two numbers is increased by 12 and the larger number is reduced by 19 thee the ratio of the two numbers is 5:9. Find the larger number?
sol) 8x:9x initialy
8x+ 12 : 9x - 19 = 5x:9x
8x+12 = 5x
-> x = 4
9x = 36 not sure about the answer ..

59) There are three different boxes A, B and C. Difference between weights of A and B is 3 kgs. And between B and C is 5 kgs. Then what is the maximum sum of the differences of all possible combinations when two boxes are taken each time
A-B = 3
B-c = 5
a-c = 8
so sum of diff = 8+3+5 = 16 kgs

60) A and B are shooters and having their exam. A and B fall short of 10 and 2 shots respectively to the qualifying mark. If each of them fired atleast one shot and even by adding their total score together, they fall short of the qualifying mark, what is the qualifying mark?
ans is 11
coz each had atleast 1 shot done so 10 + 1 = 11
n 9 + 2 = 11
so d ans is 11

61) A, B, C, and D tells the following times by looking at their watches. A tells it is 3 to 12. B tells it is 3 past 12. C tells it is 12:2. D tells it is half a dozen too soon to 12. No two watches show the same time. The difference between the watches is 2,3,4,5 respectively. Whose watch shows maximum time?
sol) A shows 11:57, B shows 12:03, C shows 12:02, and D shows 11:06 therefore, max time is for B

62) Falling height is proportional to square of the time. One object falls 64cm in 2sec than in 6sec from how much height the object will fall.
Sol) The falling height is proportional to the squere of the time.
Now, the falling height is 64cm at 2sec
so, the proportional constant is=64/(2*2)=16;
so, at 6sec the object fall maximum (16*6*6)cm=576cm;
Now, the object may be situated at any where.
if it is>576 only that time the object falling 576cm within 6sec .Otherwise if it is situated<576 then it fall only that height at 6sec.

63) Gavaskar average in first 50 innings was 50. After the 51st innings his average was 51 how many runs he made in the 51st innings
Ans) first 50 ings.- run= 50*50=2500
51st ings.- avg 51. so total run =51*51=2601.
so run scored in that ings=2601-2500=101 runs.

64) Anand finishes a work in 7 days, Bittu finishes the same job in 8 days and Chandu in 6 days. They take turns to finish the work. Anand on the first day, Bittu on the second and Chandu on the third day and then Anand again and so on. On which day will the work get over?
a) 3rd b) 6th c) 9th d) 7th
Ans is d) 7th day
Sol) In d 1st day Anand does 1/7th of total work
similarly,
Bithu does 1/8th work in d 2nd day
hence at d end of 3 days, work done = 1/7+1/8+1/6=73/168
remaining work = (168-73)/168 = 95/168
again after 6 days of work, remaining work is = (95-73)/168 = 22/168
and hence Anand completes the work on 7th day.(hope u understood.)

65) A man, a women and a child can do a piece of work in 6 days,man can do it in 14 days, women can do it 16 days, and in how many days child can do the same work?
The child does it in 24 days

66)
A: 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
B: 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
C: 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Find ( (A-B) u C )==?
Hint : 109
A-B is {A} - {A n B}
A: 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
B: 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
by binary sub. a-b = 01100001 (1-0=1, 1-1=0,0-0=0, n for the 1st 3 digits 110-011=011)
now (a-b)uc= 01100001
or 01101101
gives 1101101... convert to decimal equals 109

HONEYWELL PATTERN

2008-07-01T17:53:00.002-07:00

HONEYWELL PATTERN - 20 APR 2007 - KOLKATA
HONEYWELL PATTERN - 20 APR 2007 - KOLKATA
Hi

I am Subhrojit Chowdhury from G.N.I.T. Kolkata. Recently I have been placed in Honeywell Automation India Limited. I would like to share my experience with you guys.

Selection Process
1>Written Test.
2>Technical Interview.
3>H R Interview.

Written Test
It consisted of 2 parts General Maths, General English.....Almost 1500 students appeared for the test and 43 students cleared the aptitude test. After that we had our technical round 21 cleared the round. At last 14 of us cleared the H R round.
General Maths (30 questions)
1>R.S Agarwal Will do The job.
simple percentage, profit and loss, work and wages etc

General English (15 questions)
1>Consult GRE Barrons.
Synonyms, Antonyms,Paragraph

TechMahindra Placement Paper-3

2008-07-01T17:53:00.001-07:00

There were generally three rounds...
1) Aptitude test...(includes aptitude+verbal reasoning+non-verbal reasoning+comprehension(gre type))
2) Technical interview(HR+technical)
3) HR round

APTITUDE TEST:It consisted of 5 sections each with atleast 10 questions while one or two sections contained 20 questions.There were altogether 75 questions which u have to answer in 1 hr only(remember time is very very imp in this round).The sections were:

a) Verbal reasoning and analytical

b) Non verbal reasoning and analytical

c) MCQ-questions based on English grammar(very easy)

d) English comprehension…( Do it at last..coz it consumes time)

ThOrough prep from RS Aggarwal(verbal,non-verbal,quantitave) is enough to pass the aptitude test besides having minimum base in english.

Anyway the result was declared within 40 mins and luckily I was selected.
Here i remember some of the ques. frm the aptitude section. As they are
1. If a boat is moving in upstream with velocity of 14km/hr and goes downstream with a velocity of 40km/hr. then what is the speed of the stream?
(a) 13km/hr
(b) 26km/hr
(c) 34km/hr
(d) none of these

Ans: A

2. find the value of (0.75*0.75*0.75-0.001)/(0.75*0.75-0.75+0.01)
(a) 0.845
(b) 1.908
(c) 2.312
(d) 0.001

Ans: A

Then a questions frm alligation of mixtures
3. A man buys 12 lts of liquid which contain 20% of the liquid and the rest is water. He then mixes it with 10lts of another mixture with 30% of liquid.
What is the % of water in the new mixture?

4.A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 10 days. If however there were 10 men less it will take 10days more for the work to be finished.
How many men were there originally?

(a) 110 men
(b) 130 men
(c) 100 men
(d) none of these

ans:- A

5. In simple interest what sum amount of Rs. 1120/- in 4 years and Rs.1200/- in 5 years?

(a) Rs.500
(b) Rs.600
(c) Rs.800
(d) Rs.900

6. x% of y is y% of?

(a) x/y
(b) 2y
(c) x
(d) can't be determined

ans: C

7. The population of a city increases @ 4%p.a. there is an additional annual increases of 4% of the population due to the influx of job seekers. Find
the % increase in population after 2 years?

8. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3:2. Out of these 10% the boys and 25% of girls are scholarship holders. % of students who
are not scholarship holders?

9. A rectangular plant (2)^1/2 meters wide can be placed so that it is on either side of the diagonal of a square shown below. (Figure is available). what
is the area of the Plank?

ans: 7*(2)^1/2.

And some questions on ages.. some on profit and loss.
prepare frm R.S. agrawall.....it will be sufficient to clear..... beware time is the factor.....

Logical Section:

1. a,c,e,g..

(a) h
(b)i
(c)d
(d)j

Ans: b

2. a,e,i,m,q,u_,_

(a) y,e
(b) b,f
(c) g,i
(d) none

3. 1,2,3,5,7,11....

(a) 15
(b) 9
(c)13
(d)12

ans: c(Series of prime no)

4. 1,3,4,8,15,27,...

(a) 60
(b)59
(c)43
(d)50

and similar to these there are many more ques.....so be prepare for them also.....

5.All pens are elephants. some elephants are cats.

(a) Some pens are cats
(b) No pens are cats
(c) All pens are cats
(d) None of the above

i think it (d)

6. Some green are blue. No blue are white.

(a) No green are white
(b) Some green are white
(c) No green are white
(d) None of the above

ans: b

Technical Interview

Now i am giving some idea about the technical inteview of mine....
which is a very friendly kind of....
i am giving some questions which they fired on me.....

Ques1: so. nikhil...... Tell me about urself?

This is the most obvious ques..every hr asked to make us comfortable
just give us general introuduction with ur achievements and qualification...
B
Ques2: he see my resume.....and asked how u maintain a good percentage throughout ur BE?
ans: sir.....i am a hard worker frm my childhood...

ques: what languages u have done?
ans: ..........

Ques: what is the diffrence b/w c & c++?
ans: .....

Ques: then he gave me a program to write it was of addition of matrices?

Ques: what u see ur self after 5 years ago?
ans: I said sir i want to be the HR of tech mahindra.....

That! was a six! he really impressed with my presence of mind......

Ques: What were ur strength and weakness?

Ques: prove that ur a good team player?

Ques: What is data structures?

Ques: what are generic pointers?

Ques: Is c++ is a superset of c then why we are using c in banks?

Ques: what is inheritance? write its syntax?

Ques: what are access specifiers?

Ques: What according to u ur salary be?

Ques: When u started giving meaningful contribution to the organisation?

Ques: what are paramaterised constructors?

Ques: In header files.... files are declared or defined?
ans; declared

Ques: what is normalisation?

Ques: What is black box and white box testing?

HR ROUND.......

This round is merely a formality....as they asked us about any special quality that we have....
i said sir i love to ride bikes...

they told us to take any topic frm ourselves and then give idea on that.....

then they take each of our's resume with one photograph and then they asked us to make communications skills strong as there
are many chances to go abroad 4 their projects.

and then they asked that u all will miss bhopal

and i answer sir ! we are very eager to leave bhopal......

And then finally He said "WELCOME TO TECH MAHINDRA"

It will be all......
best of luck....just have confidence in urself...
hope i will help u all frm my experience..
meet u soon at MBT......
BEST OF LUCK TO U ALL.....

TechMahindra Placement Papers

2008-07-01T17:50:00.000-07:00

SECTION
This section consists of 29 problems. The questions are simple though time consuming.

1. If a boat is moving in upstream with velocity of 14 km/hr and goes downstream with a velocity of 40 km/hr, then what is the speed of the stream ?

(a) 13 km/hr
(b) 26 km/hr
(c) 34 km/hr
(d) none of these

Ans. A

2. Find the value of ( 0.75 * 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.001 ) / ( 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.075 + 0.01)

(a) 0.845
(b) 1.908
(c) 2.312
(d) 0.001

Ans. A

3. A can have a piece of work done in 8 days, B can work three times faster than the A, C can work five times faster than A. How many days will they take to do the work together ?

(a) 3 days
(b) 8/9 days
(c) 4 days
(d) can't say

Ans. B

4. A car travels a certain distance taking 7 hrs in forward journey, during the return journey increased speed 12km/hr takes the times 5 hrs.What is the distance travelled

(a) 210 kms
(b) 30 kms
(c) 20 kms
(c) none of these

Ans. B

5. Instead of multiplying a number by 7, the number is divided by 7. What is the percentage of error obtained ?

6. Find (7x + 4y ) / (x-2y) if x/2y = 3/2 ?

(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 7
(d) data insufficient

Ans. C

7. A man buys 12 lts of liquid which contains 20% of the liquid and the rest is water. He then mixes it with 10 lts of another mixture with 30% of liquid.What is the % of water in the new mixture?

8. If a man buys 1 lt of milk for Rs.12 and mixes it with 20% water and sells it for Rs.15, then what is the percentage of gain?

9. Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 mins and Pipe B can fill it in 28 mins.If 3/4th of the tank is filled by Pipe B alone and both are opened, how much time is required by both the pipes to fill the tank completely ?

10. If on an item a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount then what is the profit percentage.

(a) 40%
(b) 55%
(c) 35%
(d) 30%

Ans. D

11. A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 10 days. If however there were 10 men less it will take 10 days more for the work to be finished. How many men were there originally?

(a) 110 men
(b) 130 men
(c) 100 men
(d) none of these

Ans. A

12. In simple interest what sum amounts of Rs.1120/- in 4 years and Rs.1200/- in 5 years ?

(a) Rs. 500
(b) Rs. 600
(c) Rs. 800
(d) Rs. 900

Ans. C

13. If a sum of money compound annually amounts of thrice itself in 3 years. In how many years
will it become 9 times itself.

(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 10
(d) 12

Ans A

14. Two trains move in the same direction at 50 kmph and 32 kmph respectively. A man in the slower train
observes the 15 seconds elapse before the faster train completely passes by him.
What is the length of faster train ?

(a) 100m
(b) 75m
(c) 120m
(d) 50m

Ans B

15. How many mashes are there in 1 squrare meter of wire gauge if each mesh
is 8mm long and 5mm wide ?

(a) 2500
(b) 25000
(c) 250
(d) 250000

Ans B

16. x% of y is y% of ?

(a) x/y
(b) 2y
(c) x
(d) can't be determined

Ans. C

17. The price of sugar increases by 20%, by what % should a housewife reduce the consumption of sugar so that expenditure on sugar can be same as before ?

(a) 15%
(b) 16.66%
(c) 12%
(d) 9%

Ans B

18. A man spends half of his salary on household expenses, 1/4th for rent, 1/5th for travel expenses, the man deposits the rest in a bank. If his monthly deposits in the bank amount 50, what is his monthly salary ?

(a) Rs.500
(b) Rs.1500
(c) Rs.1000
(d) Rs. 900

Ans C

20. The population of a city increases @ 4% p.a. There is an additional annual increase of 4% of the population due to the influx of job seekers, find the % increase in population after 2 years ?

21. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3:2 Out of these 10% the boys and 25% of girls are scholarship holders. % of students who are not scholarship holders.?

22. 15 men take 21 days of 8 hrs. each to do a piece of work. How many days of 6 hrs. each would it take for 21 women if 3 women do as much work as 2 men?

(a) 30
(b) 20
(c) 19
(d) 29

Ans. A

23. A cylinder is 6 cms in diameter and 6 cms in height. If spheres of the same size are made from the material obtained, what is the diameter of each sphere?

(a) 5 cms
(b) 2 cms
(c) 3 cms
(d) 4 cms

Ans C

24. A rectangular plank (2)1/2 meters wide can be placed so that it is on either side of the diagonal of a square shown below.(Figure is not available)What is the area of the plank?

Ans :7*(2)1/2

25. The difference b/w the compound interest payble half yearly and the simple interest on a
certain sum lent out at 10% p.a for 1 year is Rs 25. What is the sum?

(a) Rs. 15000
(b) Rs. 12000
(c) Rs. 10000
(d) none of these

Ans C

26. What is the smallest number by which 2880 must be divided in order to make it into a
perfect square ?

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6

Ans. C

27. A father is 30 years older than his son however he will be only thrice as old as the son after 5 years
what is father's present age ?

(a) 40 yrs
(b) 30 yrs
(c) 50 yrs
(d) none of these

Ans. A

28. An article sold at a profit of 20% if both the cost price and selling price would be Rs.20/- the profit would be 10% more. What is the cost price of that article?

29. If an item costs Rs.3 in '99 and Rs.203 in '00.What is the % increase in price?

(a) 200/3 %
(b) 200/6 %
(c) 100%
(d) none of these

Ans. A

LOGICAL SECTION

Directions: For questions 30-39 fill the missing number or letter in the given series

30. a, c, e, g, _

(a) h
(b) i
(c) d
(d) j

Ans. B

31. a, e, i, m, q, u, _, _

(a) y,c
(b) b,f
(c) g,i
(d) none

Ans. A

32. ay , bz , cw , dx ,__

(a) gu
(b) ev
(c) fv
(d) eu

Ans. D

33. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, __

(a) 15
(b) 9
(c) 13
(d) 12

Ans. C (series of prime numbers)

34. kp , lo , mn , __

(a) nm
(b) np
(c) op
(d) pq

Ans. A

35. R,M,__,F,D,__

(a) I, C
(b) A, Q
(c) L, N
(d) B, Q

Ans. A

36. ___, ayw, gec, mki, sqo

(a) awx
(b) usq
(c) prs
(d) lmn

Ans. B

37. 1, 3, 4, 8, 15, 27, __

(a) 60
(b) 59
(c) 43
(d) 50

Ans D

38. 0, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 17, 24, 26,__

(a) 45
(b) 55
(c) 35
(d) 48

Ans. C

39. 2, 5, 9, 19, 37,__

(a) 64
(b) 55
(c) 75
(d) 40

Ans C

Directions for questions 40 to 45: Select the alternative that logically follows form the two given statements.

40. All scientists are fools. All fools are literates.

(a)All literates are scientists
(b) All scientists are literates
(c) No scientists are literates
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct

Ans. B

41. No apple is an orange. All bananas are oranges.

(a) All apples are oranges
(b) Some apples are oranges
(c) No apple is a banana
(d) None of the above

Ans. A

42. All pens are elephants. Some elephants are cats.

(a) Some pens are cats
(b) No pens are cats
(c) All pens are cats
(d) None of the above

Ans. D

43. All shares are debentures.No debentures are deposits.

(a) All shares are deposits
(b) Some shares are deposits
(c) No shares are deposits
(d) None of the above

Ans. C

44. Many fathers are brothers. All brothers are priests.

(a) No father is a priest
(b) Many fathers are not priests
(c) Many fathers are priests
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans. B

45. Some green are blue. No blue are white.

(a) No green are white
(b) Some green are white
(c) No green are white
(d) None of the above

Ans. B

46. If the word "CODING" is represented as DPEJOH , then the word "CURFEW" can be represented?

(a) dvsgfx
(b) dvshfx
(c) dgshfx
(d) dtsgfy

Ans. A

47. If in a certain code "RANGE" is coded as 12345 and "RANDOM" is coded as 123678, then the code for the word "MANGO" would be

(a) 82357
(b) 84563
(c) 82346
(d) 82543

Ans. D

Directions for questions 48-50:The questions are based on the following data

In a class of 150 students 55 speak English;85 speak Telugu and 30 speak neither English nor Telugu

48. How many speak both English and Telugu?

(a) 10
(b) 15
(c) 20
(d) 12

Ans. C

49.How many speak only Telugu?

(a) 55
(b) 45
(c) 65
(d) none of the above

Ans.C

50.How many speak at least one of the two languages?

(a) 120
(b) 100
(c) 250
(d) 50

Ans. A

Refer R.S Agarwal books for more questions of the same kind
Verbal -- Page 254 problems 53 to56
246 eg.2
Page 104 Exercise.3a (Series Questions)
Page 354-355 8,13,
Page 115

Nonverbal -- Pages 5,41,54,108,145,158

TechMahindra Interview Questions

2008-07-01T17:49:00.000-07:00

ARITHMETIC SECTION
This section consists of 29 problems. The questions are simple though time consuming.

1. If a boat is moving in upstream with velocity of 14 km/hr and goes downstream with a velocity of 40 km/hr, then what is the speed of the stream ?

(a) 13 km/hr
(b) 26 km/hr
(c) 34 km/hr
(d) none of these

Ans. A

2. Find the value of ( 0.75 * 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.001 ) / ( 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.075 + 0.01)

(a) 0.845
(b) 1.908
(c) 2.312
(d) 0.001

Ans. A

3. A can have a piece of work done in 8 days, B can work three times faster than the A, C can work five times faster than A. How many days will they take to do the work together ?

(a) 3 days
(b) 8/9 days
(c) 4 days
(d) can't say

Ans. B

4. A car travels a certain distance taking 7 hrs in forward journey, during the return journey increased speed 12km/hr takes the times 5 hrs.What is the distance travelled

(a) 210 kms
(b) 30 kms
(c) 20 kms
(c) none of these

Ans. B

5. Instead of multiplying a number by 7, the number is divided by 7. What is the percentage of error obtained ?

6. Find (7x + 4y ) / (x-2y) if x/2y = 3/2 ?

(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 7
(d) data insufficient

Ans. C

7. A man buys 12 lts of liquid which contains 20% of the liquid and the rest is water. He then mixes it with 10 lts of another mixture with 30% of liquid.What is the % of water in the new mixture?

8. If a man buys 1 lt of milk for Rs.12 and mixes it with 20% water and sells it for Rs.15, then what is the percentage of gain?

9. Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 mins and Pipe B can fill it in 28 mins.If 3/4th of the tank is filled by Pipe B alone and both are opened, how much time is required by both the pipes to fill the tank completely ?

10. If on an item a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount then what is the profit percentage.

(a) 40%
(b) 55%
(c) 35%
(d) 30%

Ans. D

11. A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 10 days. If however there were 10 men less it will take 10 days more for the work to be finished. How many men were there originally?

(a) 110 men
(b) 130 men
(c) 100 men
(d) none of these

Ans. A

12. In simple interest what sum amounts of Rs.1120/- in 4 years and Rs.1200/- in 5 years ?

(a) Rs. 500
(b) Rs. 600
(c) Rs. 800
(d) Rs. 900

Ans. C

13. If a sum of money compound annually amounts of thrice itself in 3 years. In how many years
will it become 9 times itself.

(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 10
(d) 12

Ans A

14. Two trains move in the same direction at 50 kmph and 32 kmph respectively. A man in the slower train
observes the 15 seconds elapse before the faster train completely passes by him.
What is the length of faster train ?

(a) 100m
(b) 75m
(c) 120m
(d) 50m

Ans B

15. How many mashes are there in 1 squrare meter of wire gauge if each mesh
is 8mm long and 5mm wide ?

(a) 2500
(b) 25000
(c) 250
(d) 250000

Ans B

16. x% of y is y% of ?

(a) x/y
(b) 2y
(c) x
(d) can't be determined

Ans. C

17. The price of sugar increases by 20%, by what % should a housewife reduce the consumption of sugar so that expenditure on sugar can be same as before ?

(a) 15%
(b) 16.66%
(c) 12%
(d) 9%

Ans B

18. A man spends half of his salary on household expenses, 1/4th for rent, 1/5th for travel expenses, the man deposits the rest in a bank. If his monthly deposits in the bank amount 50, what is his monthly salary ?

(a) Rs.500
(b) Rs.1500
(c) Rs.1000
(d) Rs. 900

Ans C

20. The population of a city increases @ 4% p.a. There is an additional annual increase of 4% of the population due to the influx of job seekers, find the % increase in population after 2 years ?

21. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3:2 Out of these 10% the boys and 25% of girls are scholarship holders. % of students who are not scholarship holders.?

22. 15 men take 21 days of 8 hrs. each to do a piece of work. How many days of 6 hrs. each would it take for 21 women if 3 women do as much work as 2 men?

(a) 30
(b) 20
(c) 19
(d) 29

Ans. A

23. A cylinder is 6 cms in diameter and 6 cms in height. If spheres of the same size are made from the material obtained, what is the diameter of each sphere?

(a) 5 cms
(b) 2 cms
(c) 3 cms
(d) 4 cms

Ans C

24. A rectangular plank (2)1/2 meters wide can be placed so that it is on either side of the diagonal of a square shown below.(Figure is not available)What is the area of the plank?

Ans :7*(2)1/2

25. The difference b/w the compound interest payble half yearly and the simple interest on a
certain sum lent out at 10% p.a for 1 year is Rs 25. What is the sum?

(a) Rs. 15000
(b) Rs. 12000
(c) Rs. 10000
(d) none of these

Ans C

26. What is the smallest number by which 2880 must be divided in order to make it into a
perfect square ?

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6

Ans. C

27. A father is 30 years older than his son however he will be only thrice as old as the son after 5 years
what is father's present age ?

(a) 40 yrs
(b) 30 yrs
(c) 50 yrs
(d) none of these

Ans. A

28. An article sold at a profit of 20% if both the cost price and selling price would be Rs.20/- the profit would be 10% more. What is the cost price of that article?

29. If an item costs Rs.3 in '99 and Rs.203 in '00.What is the % increase in price?

(a) 200/3 %
(b) 200/6 %
(c) 100%
(d) none of these

Ans. A

LOGICAL SECTION

Directions: For questions 30-39 fill the missing number or letter in the given series

30. a, c, e, g, _

(a) h
(b) i
(c) d
(d) j

Ans. B

31. a, e, i, m, q, u, _, _

(a) y,c
(b) b,f
(c) g,i
(d) none

Ans. A

32. ay , bz , cw , dx ,__

(a) gu
(b) ev
(c) fv
(d) eu

Ans. D

33. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, __

(a) 15
(b) 9
(c) 13
(d) 12

Ans. C (series of prime numbers)

34. kp , lo , mn , __

(a) nm
(b) np
(c) op
(d) pq

Ans. A

35. R,M,__,F,D,__

(a) I, C
(b) A, Q
(c) L, N
(d) B, Q

Ans. A

36. ___, ayw, gec, mki, sqo

(a) awx
(b) usq
(c) prs
(d) lmn

Ans. B

37. 1, 3, 4, 8, 15, 27, __

(a) 60
(b) 59
(c) 43
(d) 50

Ans D

38. 0, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 17, 24, 26,__

(a) 45
(b) 55
(c) 35
(d) 48

Ans. C

39. 2, 5, 9, 19, 37,__

(a) 64
(b) 55
(c) 75
(d) 40

Ans C

Directions for questions 40 to 45: Select the alternative that logically follows form the two given statements.

40. All scientists are fools. All fools are literates.

(a)All literates are scientists
(b) All scientists are literates
(c) No scientists are literates
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct

Ans. B

41. No apple is an orange. All bananas are oranges.

(a) All apples are oranges
(b) Some apples are oranges
(c) No apple is a banana
(d) None of the above

Ans. A

42. All pens are elephants. Some elephants are cats.

(a) Some pens are cats
(b) No pens are cats
(c) All pens are cats
(d) None of the above

Ans. D

43. All shares are debentures.No debentures are deposits.

(a) All shares are deposits
(b) Some shares are deposits
(c) No shares are deposits
(d) None of the above

Ans. C

44. Many fathers are brothers. All brothers are priests.

(a) No father is a priest
(b) Many fathers are not priests
(c) Many fathers are priests
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans. B

45. Some green are blue. No blue are white.

(a) No green are white
(b) Some green are white
(c) No green are white
(d) None of the above

Ans. B

46. If the word "CODING" is represented as DPEJOH , then the word "CURFEW" can be represented?

(a) dvsgfx
(b) dvshfx
(c) dgshfx
(d) dtsgfy

Ans. A

47. If in a certain code "RANGE" is coded as 12345 and "RANDOM" is coded as 123678, then the code for the word "MANGO" would be

(a) 82357
(b) 84563
(c) 82346
(d) 82543

Ans. D

Directions for questions 48-50:The questions are based on the following data

In a class of 150 students 55 speak English;85 speak Telugu and 30 speak neither English nor Telugu

48. How many speak both English and Telugu?

(a) 10
(b) 15
(c) 20
(d) 12

Ans. C

49.How many speak only Telugu?

(a) 55
(b) 45
(c) 65
(d) none of the above

Ans.C

50.How many speak at least one of the two languages?

(a) 120
(b) 100
(c) 250
(d) 50

Ans. A

Refer R.S Agarwal books for more questions of the same kind
Verbal -- Page 254 problems 53 to56
246 eg.2
Page 104 Exercise.3a (Series Questions)
Page 354-355 8,13,
Page 115

Nonverbal -- Pages 5,41,54,108,145,158

TechMahindra Aptitude Test

2008-07-01T17:48:00.000-07:00

TechMahindra Papers

2008-07-01T17:45:00.000-07:00

TECH MAHINDRA PAPER ON 9th MAY 2007 AT BMSIT, BANGALORE
TECH MAHINDRA PAPER ON 9th MAY AT BANGALORE

hi i am priyanka from acharya inst, bangalore i got placed in TM because of god grace, parent blessing & u friends Totally there were 535 students 168 cleared apti 63 were totally selected.

GENERAL PAPER( 5-SECTIONS) 75 QUES IN 60 MINS
1.QUANTITATIVE : PERCENTAGE, RATIO & PROPORTION, SERIES (VERY IMP &*TRICKY), NUMBERS, TRAIN PROBLEM, TIME &WORK, BOAT &STREAM
2.VERBAL&NON VERBAL :BLOOD RELATION, PUZZLES,ETC
REFER R.S AGARWAL FOR BOTH
3.ENGLISH PASSAGE
4.ENGLISH :FILL UP BLANKS
5.SYNNONYMS PHRASE REPLACEMENT

English is easy do it first quanti is o.k do english first .time management is very imp .Dont guess everything. test started around 10 a.m results were out by 2.30 later we had an presentation

After 2 days we had tech &hr
TECHNICAL ROUND
-INTRODUCE YOUR SELF
-DIFF B/W WINDOW XP& 98(AS I HAD MENTIONED IN RESUME)
-BINARY SEARCH ALGORITHM
- LOGICAL GATES
-CONVERTION TO BINARY
-STRUCTURE & POINTERS
-DATA STRUCTURE
-ARRAYS

later after 30 mins we had hr consists of 8 students in a team and 4-5 hr people sometimes there will be surprise talk given by us on a given topic. hr was real cool
introduce yourself
-why tm
-define yourself in 1 word

TCS Papers

2008-07-01T17:43:00.000-07:00

TCS APTITUDE PAPER WITH SOLUTIONS

2008-07-01T17:42:00.000-07:00

TCS APTITUDE PAPER WITH SOLUTIONS

1) If log 0.317=0.3332 and log 0.318=0.3364 then find log 0.319 ?
Sol) log 0.317=0.3332 and log 0.318=0.3364, then
log 0.319=log0.318+(log0.318-log0.317) = 0.3396

2) A box of 150 packets consists of 1kg packets and 2kg packets. Total weight of box is 264kg. How many 2kg packets are there ?
Sol) x= 2 kg Packs
y= 1 kg packs
x + y = 150 .......... Eqn 1
2x + y = 264 .......... Eqn 2
Solve the Simultaneous equation; x = 114
so, y = 36
ANS : Number of 2 kg Packs = 114.

3) My flight takes of at 2am from a place at 18N 10E and landed 10 Hrs later at a place with coordinates 36N70W. What is the local time when my plane landed?
6:00 am b) 6:40am c) 7:40 d) 7:00 e) 8:00
Sol) The destination place is 80 degree west to the starting place. Hence the time difference between these two places is 5 hour 20 min. (=24hr*80/360).
When the flight landed, the time at the starting place is 12 noon (2 AM + 10 hours).
Hence, the time at the destination place is 12 noon - 5:20 hours = 6: 40 AM

4) A plane moves from 9°N40°E to 9°N40°W. If the plane starts at 10 am and takes 8 hours to reach the destination, find the local arrival time ?
Sol) Since it is moving from east to west longitide we need to add both
ie,40+40=80
multiply the ans by 4
=>80*4=320min
convert this min to hours ie, 5hrs 33min
It takes 8hrs totally . So 8-5hr 30 min=2hr 30min
So the ans is 10am+2hr 30 min
=>ans is 12:30 it will reach

5) The size of the bucket is N kb. The bucket fills at the rate of 0.1 kb per millisecond. A programmer sends a program to receiver. There it waits for 10 milliseconds. And response will be back to programmer in 20 milliseconds. How much time the program takes to get a response back to the programmer, after it is sent? Please tell me the answer with explanation. Very urgent.
Sol) see it doesn't matter that wat the time is being taken to fill the bucket.after reaching program it waits there for 10ms and back to the programmer in 20 ms.then total time to get the response is 20ms +10 ms=30ms...it's so simple....

6) A file is transferred from one location to another in 'buckets'. The size of the bucket is 10 kilobytes. Each bucket gets filled at the rate of 0.0001 kilobytes per millisecond. The transmission time from sender to receiver is 10 milliseconds per bucket. After the receipt of the bucket the receiver sends an acknowledgement that reaches sender in 100 milliseconds. Assuming no error during transmission, write a formula to calculate the time taken in seconds to successfully complete the transfer of a file of size N kilobytes.
(n/1000)*(n/10)*10+(n/100)....as i hv calculated...~~!not 100% sure

7) A fisherman's day is rated as good if he catches 9 fishes, fair if 7 fishes and bad if 5 fishes. He catches 53 fishes in a week n had all good, fair n bad days in the week. So how many good, fair n bad days did the fisher man had in the week
Ans:4 good, 1 fair n 2 bad days
Sol) Go to river catch fish
4*9=36
7*1=7
2*5=10
36+7+10=53...
take what is given 53
good days means --- 9 fishes so 53/9=4(remainder=17) if u assume 5 then there is no chance for bad days.
fair days means ----- 7 fishes so remaining 17 --- 17/7=1(remainder=10) if u assume 2 then there is no chance for bad days.
bad days means -------5 fishes so remaining 10---10/5=2days.
Ans: 4 good, 1 fair, 2bad. ==== total 7 days.

x+y+z=7--------- eq1
9*x+7*y+5*z=53 -------eq2
multiply eq 1 by 9,
9*x+9*y+9*z=35 -------------eq3
from eq2 and eq3
2*y+4*z=10-----eq4
since all x,y and z are integer i sud put a integer value of y such that z sud be integer in eq 4 .....and ther will be two value y=1 or 3 then z = 2 or 1 from eq 4

for first y=1,z=2 then from eq1 x= 4
so 9*4+1*7+2*5=53.... satisfied
now for second y=3 z=1 then from eq1 x=3
so 9*3+3*7+1*5=53 ......satisfied
so finally there are two solution of this question
(x,y,z)=(4,1,2) and (3,3,1)...

8) Y catches 5 times more fishes than X. If total number of fishes caught by X and Y is 42, then number of fishes caught by X?
Sol) Let no. of fish x catches=p
no. caught by y =r
r=5p.
r+p=42
then p=7,r=35

9) Three companies are working independently and receiving the savings 20%, 30%, 40%. If the companies work combinely, what will be their net savings?
suppose total income is 100 http://www.TowardsJob.com
so amount x is getting is 80
y is 70
z =60
total=210

but total money is 300
300-210=90
so they are getting 90 rs less
90 is 30% of 300 so they r getting 30% discount

10) The ratio of incomes of C and D is 3:4.the ratio of their expenditures is 4:5. Find the ratio of their savings if the savings of C is one fourths of his income?
Sol) incomes:3:4
expenditures:4:5
3x-4y=1/4(3x)
12x-16y=3x
9x=16y
y=9x/16
(3x-4(9x/16))/((4x-5(9x/16)))
ans:12/19

11) If G(0) = -1 G(1)= 1 and G(N)=G(N-1) - G(N-2) then what is the value of G(6)?
ans: -1
bcoz g(2)=g(1)-g(0)=1+1=2
g(3)=1
g(4)=-1
g(5)=-2
g(6)=-1

12) If A can copy 50 pages in 10 hours and A and B together can copy 70 pages in 10 hours, how much time does B takes to copy 26 pages?
Sol) A can copy 50 pages in 10 hrs.
A can copy 5 pages in 1hr.(50/10)
now A & B can copy 70 pages in 10hrs.
thus, B can copy 90 pages in 10 hrs.[eqn. is (50+x)/2=70, where x--> no. of pages B can copy in 10 hrs.]
so, B can copy 9 pages in 1hr.
therefore, to copy 26 pages B will need almost 3hrs.
since in 3hrs B can copy 27 pages.

13) what's the answer for that :
A, B and C are 8 bit no's. They are as follows:
A -> 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
B -> 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
C -> 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 ( - =minus, u=union)
Find ((A - C) u B) =?

To find A-C, We will find 2's compliment of C and them add it with A,
That will give us (A-C)
2's compliment of C=1's compliment of C+1
=11000101+1=11000110
A-C= 11000101

+ 11000110
=10001001
Now (A-C) U B is .OR. logic operation on (A-C) and B
10001001 .OR . 00110011
The answer is = 10111011,
Whose decimal equivalent is 187.

14) One circular array is given(means memory allocation tales place in circular fashion) diamension(9X7) and sarting add. is 3000, What is the address of (2,3)........
Sol) it's a 9x7 int array so it reqiure a 126 bytes for storing.b'ze integer value need 2 byes of memory allocation. and starting add is 3000
so starting add of 2x3 will be 3012.

15) In a two-dimensional array, X (9, 7), with each element occupying 4 bytes of memory, with the address of the first element X (1, 1) is 3000, find the address of X (8, 5).
Sol) initial x (1,1) = 3000 u hav to find from x(8,1)so u have x(1,1),x(1,2) ... x(7,7) = so u have totally 7 * 7 = 49 elementsu need to find for x(8,5) ? here we have 5 elements each element have 4 bytes : (49 + 5 -1) * 4 = 212 -----( -1 is to deduct the 1 element ) 3000 + 212 = 3212

16) Which of the following is power of 3 a) 2345 b) 9875 c) 6504 d) 9833

17) The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M = square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much memory now occupied ?
Sol) M=sqrt(100N)
N is increased by 1%
therefore new value of N=N + (N/100)
=101N/100
M=sqrt(100 * (101N/100) )
Hence, we get M=sqrt(101 * N)

18)
1)SCOOTER --j------- AUTOMOBILE--- A. PART OF
2.OXYGEN----------- WATER ------- B. A Type of
3.SHOP STAFF------- FITTERS------ C. NOT A TYPE OF
4. BUG -------------REPTILE------ D. A SUPERSET OF
1)B 2)A 3)D 4)C

19) A bus started from bustand at 8.00a m and after 30 min staying at destination, it returned back to the bustand. the destination is 27 miles from the bustand. the speed of the bus 50 percent fast speed. at what time it returns to the bustand
this is the step by step solution:
a bus cover 27 mile with 18 mph in =27/18= 1 hour 30 min. and it wait at stand =30 min.
after this speed of return increase by 50% so 50%of 18 mph=9mph
Total speed of returnig=18+9=27
Then in return it take 27/27=1 hour
then total time in joureny=1+1:30+00:30 =3 hour
so it will come at 8+3 hour=11 a.m.
So Ans==11 a.m

20) In two dimensional array X(7,9) each element occupies 2 bytes of memory.If the address of first element X(1,1)is 1258 then what will be the address of the element X(5,8) ?
Sol) Here, the address of first element x[1][1] is 1258 and also 2 byte of memory is given. now, we have to solve the address of element x[5][8], therefore, 1258+ 5*8*2 = 1258+80 = 1338 so the answer is 1338.

21) The temperature at Mumbai is given by the function: -t2/6+4t+12 where t is the elapsed time since midnight. What is the percentage rise (or fall) in temperature between 5.00PM and 8.00PM?

22) Low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 high as higher temperature in a day. Sum of the low temperature and highest temp. is 100 degrees. Then what is the low temp?
Sol) Let highest temp be x
so low temp=1/3 of x of 1/2 of x plus x/2 i.e. x/6+x/2
total temp=x+x/6+x/2=100
therefore, x=60
Lowest temp is 40

23) In Madras, temperature at noon varies according to -t^2/2 + 8t + 3, where t is elapsed time. Find how much temperature more or less in 4pm to 9pm. Ans. At 9pm 7.5 more
Sol) In equestion first put t=9,
we will get 34.5...........................(1)
now put t=4,
we will get 27..............................(2)
so ans=34.5-27
=7.5

24) A person had to multiply two numbers. Instead of multiplying by 35, he multiplied by 53 and the product went up by 540. What was the raised product?
a) 780 b) 1040 c) 1590 d) 1720
Sol) x*53-x*35=540=> x=30 therefore, 53*30=1590 Ans

25) How many positive integer solutions does the equation 2x+3y = 100 have?
a) 50 b) 33 c) 16 d) 35
Sol) There is a simple way to answer this kind of Q's given 2x+3y=100, take l.c.m of 'x' coeff and 'y' coeff i.e. l.c.m of 2,3 ==6then divide 100 with 6 , which turns out 16 hence answer is 16short cut formula--- constant / (l.cm of x coeff and y coeff)

26) The total expense of a boarding house are partly fixed and partly variable with the number of boarders. The charge is Rs.70 per head when there are 25 boarders and Rs.60 when there are 50 boarders. Find the charge per head when there are 100 boarders.
a) 65 b) 55 c) 50 d) 45
Sol)
Let a = fixed cost and k = variable cost and n = number of boarders
total cost when 25 boarders c = 25*70 = 1750 i.e. 1750 = a + 25k
total cost when 50 boarders c = 50*60 = 3000 i.e. 3000 = a + 50k
solving above 2 eqns, 3000-1750 = 25k i.e. 1250 = 25k i.e. k = 50
therefore, substituting this value of k in either of above 2 eqns we get
a = 500 (a = 3000-50*50 = 500 or a = 1750 - 25*50 = 500)
so total cost when 100 boarders = c = a + 100k = 500 + 100*50 = 5500
so cost per head = 5500/100 = 55

27) Amal bought 5 pens, 7 pencils and 4 erasers. Rajan bought 6 pens, 8 erasers and 14 pencils for an amount which was half more than what Amal had paid. What % of the total amount paid by Amal was paid for pens?
a) 37.5% b) 62.5% c) 50% d) None of these
Sol)
Let, 5 pens + 7 pencils + 4 erasers = x rupees
so 10 pens + 14 pencils + 8 erasers = 2*x rupees
also mentioned, 6 pens + 14 pencils + 8 erarsers = 1.5*x rupees
so (10-6) = 4 pens = (2-1.5)x rupees
so 4 pens = 0.5x rupees => 8 pens = x rupees
so 5 pens = 5x/8 rupees = 5/8 of total (note x rupees is total amt paid byamal)
i.e 5/8 = 500/8% = 62.5% is the answer

28) I lost Rs.68 in two races. My second race loss is Rs.6 more than the first race. My friend lost Rs.4 more than me in the second race. What is the amount lost by my friend in the second race?
Sol)
x + x+6 = rs 68
2x + 6 = 68
2x = 68-6
2x = 62
x=31
x is the amt lost in I race
x+ 6 = 31+6=37 is lost in second race
then my friend lost 37 + 4 = 41 Rs

29) Ten boxes are there. Each ball weighs 100 gms. One ball is weighing 90 gms. i) If there are 3 balls (n=3) in each box, how many times will it take to find 90 gms ball? ii) Same question with n=10 iii) Same question with n=9
to me the chances are
when n=3
(i) nC1= 3C1 =3 for 10 boxes .. 10*3=30
(ii) 10C1=10 for 10 boxes ....10*10=100
(iii)9C1=9 for 10 boxes .....10*9=90

30) (1-1/6) (1-1/7).... (1- (1/ (n+4))) (1-(1/ (n+5))) = ?
leaving the first numerater and last denominater, all the numerater and denominater will cancelled out one another. Ans. 5/(n+5)

31) A face of the clock is divided into three parts. First part hours total is equal to the sum of the second and third part. What is the total of hours in the bigger part?
Sol) the clock normally has 12 hr
three parts x,y,z
x+y+z=12
x=y+z
2x=12
x=6
so the largest part is 6 hrs

32) With 4/5 full tank vehicle travels 12 miles, with 1/3 full tank how much distance travels
Sol) 4/5 full tank= 12 mile
1 full tank= 12/(4/5)
1/3 full tank= 12/(4/5)*(1/3)= 5 miles

33) wind blows 160 miles in 330min.for 80 miles how much time required
Sol) 160 miles= 330 min
1 mile = 330/160
80 miles=(330*80)/160=165 min.

34) A person was fined for exceeding the speed limit by 10mph.another person was also fined for exceeding the same speed limit by twice the same if the second person was travelling at a speed of 35 mph. find the speed limit
Sol)
(x+10)=(x+35)/2
solving the eqn we get x=15

35) A sales person multiplied a number and get the answer is 3 instead of that number divided by 3. what is the answer he actually has to get.
Sol) Assume 1
1* 3 = 3
1*1/3=1/3
so he has to got 1/3
this is the exact answer

36) A person who decided to go weekend trip should not exceed 8 hours driving in a day average speed of forward journey is 40 mph due to traffic in Sundays the return journey average speed is 30 mph. How far he can select a picnic spot.

37) Low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 hinge as higher temperature in a day. Sum of the low temp and high temp is 100 c. then what is the low temp.
ans is 40 c.
Sol) let x be the highest temp. then,
x+x/2+x/6=100.
therefore, x=60 which is the highest temp
and 100-x=40 which is the lowest temp.

38) car is filled with four and half gallons of oil for full round trip. Fuel is taken 1/4 gallons more in going than coming. What is the fuel consumed in coming up.
Sol) let feul consumed in coming up is x. thus equation is: x+1.25x=4.5ans:2gallons

39) A work is done by the people in 24 min. One of them can do this work alone in 40 min. How much time required to do the same work for the second person
Sol) Two people work together in 24 mins.
So, their one day work is
(1/A)+(1+B)=(1/24)
One man can complete the work in 40mins
one man's one day work (1/B)= (1/40)
Now,
(1/A)=(1/24)-(1/40)
(1/A)=(1/60)
So, A can complete the work in 60 mins.

40) In a company 30% are supervisors and 40% employees are male if 60% of supervisors are male. What is the probability? That a randomly chosen employee is a male or female?
Sol) 40% employees are male if 60% of supervisors are male so for 100% is 26.4%so the probability is 0.264

41) In 80 coins one coin is counterfeit what is minimum number of weighing to find out counterfeit coin
Sol) the minimum number of wieghtings needed is just 5.as shown below
(1) 80->30-30
(2) 15-15
(3) 7-7
(4) 3-3
(5) 1-1

42) 2 oranges, 3 bananas and 4 apples cost Rs.15. 3 oranges, 2 bananas, and 1 apple costs Rs 10. What is the cost of 3 oranges, 3 bananas and 3 apples?
2x+3y+4z=15
3x+2y+z=10 adding
5x+5y+5z=25
x+y+z=5 that is for 1 orange, 1 bannana and 1 apple requires 5Rs.
so for 3 orange, 3 bannana and 3 apple requires 15Rs.
i.e. 3x+3y+3z=15

43) In 8*8 chess board what is the total number of squares refers
Sol) odele discovered that there are 204 squares on the board We found that you would add the different squares - 1 + 4 + 9 + 16+ 25 + 36 + 49 + 64.
Also in 3*3 tic tac toe board what is the total no of squares
Ans 14 ie 9+4(bigger ones)+1 (biggest one)
If you ger 100*100 board just use the formula
the formula for the sum of the first n perfect squares is
n x (n + 1) x (2n + 1)
______________________
6
if in this formula if you put n=8 you get your answer 204

44) One fast typist type some matter in 2hr and another slow typist type the same matter in 3hr. If both do combinely in how much time they will finish.
Sol) Faster one can do 1/2 of work in one hourslower one can do 1/3 of work in one hourboth they do (1/2+1/3=5/6) th work in one hour.so work will b finished in 6/5=1.2 hour i e 1 hour 12 min.

45) If Rs20/- is available to pay for typing a research report & typist A produces 42 pages and typist B produces 28 pages. How much should typist A receive?
Here is the answer Find of 42 % of 20 rs with respect to 70 (i.e 28 + 42) ==> (42 * 20 )/70 ==> 12 Rs

46) An officer kept files on his table at various times in the order 1,2,3,4,5,6. Typist can take file from top whenever she has time and type it.What order she cannt type.?

47) In some game 139 members have participated every time one fellow will get bye what is the number of matches to choose the champion to be held?
the answer is 138 matches
Sol) since one player gets a bye in each round,he will reach the finals of the tournament without playing a match. http://www.TowardsJob.com
therefore 137 matches should be played to detemine the second finalist from the remaining 138 players(excluding the 1st player)
therefore to determine the winner 138 matches shd be played.

48) One rectangular plate with length 8inches, breadth 11 inches and 2 inches thickness is there. What is the length of the circular rod with diameter 8 inches and equal to volume of rectangular plate?
Sol) Vol. of rect. plate= 8*11*2=176
area of rod=(22/7)*(8/2)*(8/2)=(352/7)
vol. of rod=area*length=vol. of plate
so length of rod= vol of plate/area=176/(352/7)=3.5

49) One tank will fill in 6 minutes at the rate of 3cu ft /min, length of tank is 4 ft and the width is 1/2 of length, what is the depth of the tank?
3 ft 7.5 inches

50) A man has to get air-mail. He starts to go to airport on his motorbike. Plane comes early and the mail is sent by a horse-cart. The man meets the cart in the middle after half an hour. He takes the mail and returns back, by doing so, he saves twenty minutes. How early did the plane arrive?
ans:10min:::assume he started at 1:00,so at 1:30 he met cart. He returned home at 2:00.so it took him 1 hour for the total jorney.by doing this he saved 20 min.so the actual time if the plane is not late is 1 hour and 20 min.so the actual time of plane is at 1:40.The cart travelled a time of 10 min before it met him.so the plane is 10 min early.

51) Ram singh goes to his office in the city every day from his suburban house. His driver Mangaram drops him at the railway station in the morning and picks him up in the evening. Every evening Ram singh reaches the station at 5 o'clock. Mangaram also reaches at the same time. One day Ram singh started early from his office and came to the station at 4 o'clock. Not wanting to wait for the car he starts walking home. Mangaram starts at normal time, picks him up on the way and takes him back house, half an hour early. How much time did Ram singh walked?

52) 2 trees are there. One grows at 3/5 of the other. In 4 years total growth of the trees is 8 ft. what growth will smaller tree have in 2 years.
Sol) THE BIG TREE GROWS 8FT IN 4 YEARS=>THE BIG TREE GROWS 4FT IN 2 YEARS.WHEN WE DIVIDE 4FT/5=.8*3=>2.4
ans: 1.5 mt 4 (x+(3/5)x)=88x/5=2x=5/4 after 2 years x=(3/5)*(5/4)*2 =1.5

53) There is a six digit code. Its first two digits, multiplied by 3 gives all ones. And the next two digits multiplied by 6 give all twos. Remaining two digits multiplied by 9 gives all threes. Then what is the code?
sol) Assume the digit xx xx xx (six digits)
First Two digit xx * 3=111
xx=111/3=37
( first two digits of 1 is not divisible by 3 so we can use 111)
Second Two digit xx*6=222
xx=222/6=37
( first two digits of 2 is not divisible by 6 so we can use 222)
Thrid Two digit xx*9=333
xx=333/9=37
( first two digits of 3 is not divisible by 9 so we can use 333)

54) There are 4 balls and 4 boxes of colours yellow, pink, red and green. Red ball is in a box whose colour is same as that of the ball in a yellow box. Red box has green ball. In which box you find the yellow ball?
ans is green...
Sol) Yellow box can have either of pink/yellow balls.
if we put a yellow ball in "yellow" box then it wud imply that "yellow" is also the colour of the box which has the red ball(becoz acordin 2 d question,d box of the red ball n the ball in the yellow box have same colour)
thus this possibility is ruled out...
therefore the ball in yellow box must be pink,hence the colour of box containin red ball is also pink....
=>the box colour left out is "green",,,which is alloted to the only box left,,,the one which has yellow ball..

55) A bag contains 20 yellow balls, 10 green balls, 5 white balls, 8 black balls, and 1 red ball. How many minimum balls one should pick out so that to make sure the he gets at least 2 balls of same color.
Ans:he should pick 6 ball totally.
Sol) Suppose he picks 5 balls of all different colours then when he picks up the sixth one, it must match any on of the previously drawn ball colour.
thus he must pick 6 balls

56) What is the number of zeros at the end of the product of the numbers from 1 to 100
Sol) For every 5 in unit palce one zero is added Ch eta naS
so between 1 to 100 there are 10 nos like 5,15,25,..,95 which has 5 in unit place.
Similarly for every no divisible by 10 one zero is added in the answer so between 1 to 100 11 zeros are added
for 25,50,75 3 extra zeros are added
so total no of zeros are 10+11+3=24

57) 10 Digit number has its first digit equals to the numbers of 1's, second digit equals to the numbers of 2's, 3rd digit equals to the numbers of 3's .4th equals number of 4's..till 9th digit equals to the numbers of 9's and 10th digit equals to the number of 0's. what is the number?.(6marks)
ans:2100010006
2---shows that two 1's in the ans
1---shows that one 2 in ans
0---shows no 3 in the ans
0---shows no 4 in the ans
0---shows no 5 in the ans
1---shows one 6 in the ans
0---shows no 7 in the ans
0---shows no 8 in the ans
0---shows no 9 in the ans
6---shows six 0's in the ans

58) There are two numbers in the ratio 8:9. if the smaller of the two numbers is increased by 12 and the larger number is reduced by 19 thee the ratio of the two numbers is 5:9. Find the larger number?
sol) 8x:9x initialy
8x+ 12 : 9x - 19 = 5x:9x
8x+12 = 5x
-> x = 4
9x = 36 not sure about the answer ..

59) There are three different boxes A, B and C. Difference between weights of A and B is 3 kgs. And between B and C is 5 kgs. Then what is the maximum sum of the differences of all possible combinations when two boxes are taken each time
A-B = 3
B-c = 5
a-c = 8
so sum of diff = 8+3+5 = 16 kgs

60) A and B are shooters and having their exam. A and B fall short of 10 and 2 shots respectively to the qualifying mark. If each of them fired atleast one shot and even by adding their total score together, they fall short of the qualifying mark, what is the qualifying mark?
ans is 11
coz each had atleast 1 shot done so 10 + 1 = 11
n 9 + 2 = 11
so d ans is 11

61) A, B, C, and D tells the following times by looking at their watches. A tells it is 3 to 12. B tells it is 3 past 12. C tells it is 12:2. D tells it is half a dozen too soon to 12. No two watches show the same time. The difference between the watches is 2,3,4,5 respectively. Whose watch shows maximum time?
sol) A shows 11:57, B shows 12:03, C shows 12:02, and D shows 11:06 therefore, max time is for B

62) Falling height is proportional to square of the time. One object falls 64cm in 2sec than in 6sec from how much height the object will fall.
Sol) The falling height is proportional to the squere of the time.
Now, the falling height is 64cm at 2sec
so, the proportional constant is=64/(2*2)=16;
so, at 6sec the object fall maximum (16*6*6)cm=576cm;
Now, the object may be situated at any where.
if it is>576 only that time the object falling 576cm within 6sec .Otherwise if it is situated<576 then it fall only that height at 6sec.

63) Gavaskar average in first 50 innings was 50. After the 51st innings his average was 51 how many runs he made in the 51st innings
Ans) first 50 ings.- run= 50*50=2500
51st ings.- avg 51. so total run =51*51=2601.
so run scored in that ings=2601-2500=101 runs.

64) Anand finishes a work in 7 days, Bittu finishes the same job in 8 days and Chandu in 6 days. They take turns to finish the work. Anand on the first day, Bittu on the second and Chandu on the third day and then Anand again and so on. On which day will the work get over?
a) 3rd b) 6th c) 9th d) 7th
Ans is d) 7th day
Sol) In d 1st day Anand does 1/7th of total work
similarly,
Bithu does 1/8th work in d 2nd day
hence at d end of 3 days, work done = 1/7+1/8+1/6=73/168
remaining work = (168-73)/168 = 95/168
again after 6 days of work, remaining work is = (95-73)/168 = 22/168
and hence Anand completes the work on 7th day.(hope u understood.)

65) A man, a women and a child can do a piece of work in 6 days,man can do it in 14 days, women can do it 16 days, and in how many days child can do the same work?
The child does it in 24 days

66)
A: 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
B: 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
C: 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Find ( (A-B) u C )==?
Hint : 109
A-B is {A} - {A n B}
A: 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
B: 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
by binary sub. a-b = 01100001 (1-0=1, 1-1=0,0-0=0, n for the 1st 3 digits 110-011=011)
now (a-b)uc= 01100001
or 01101101
gives 1101101... convert to decimal equals 109

Virtusa Papers

2008-07-01T17:40:00.000-07:00

1. x1 peach + y1 plum = z1 apple, x2 peach + y2 plum = z2 apple ,(x1,y1 .... z2 are integer values) How many peaches make one apple?

Here multiply both equation by y2 and y1 resply

(X1 peach +Y1 pulm =Z1 apple)Y2

(X2 peach + Y2 pulm= Z2 apple)Y1

_____________________________________________

X1Y2peach+ Y1Y2 pulm= Y2Z1apple

X2Y1peach+Y1Y2pulm=Y1Z2apple

Now sub both eq than common terms of plum will be cancelled

Then we get one Apple=(X1Y2-X2Y1/Z1Y2-Z2Y1)peach

2. 100,100,102,106,112,120,_130

Here the difference between each number increase by multiple of 2

100+0 and 100+2 and 102+4 .......

3. Which is greater ?Product of all Bradman's first class scores or Sum of all test scores of Sachin.

No data given

4. U r provided with 500ml and 300ml jar(it has no markings).
a) u have to measure exactly 100ml.

Jar 1(500) jar2(300)

Intial fill j2 0 300 (j2 to j1)

Pour in 300 0

Again fill j2 300 300(j2 to j1)

J1willbfull500 100(remain in j2)

b) u have to measure exactly 200ml.

Jar 1(500) jar2(300)

Intial fill j1 500 0 (j1 to j2)

J2 will be full 200 300

5. Using four 4's u have to make 1 ... 10. ( for eg. 1 = (4/4)*(4/4) 2 = ? 10 = ? )

(4-4)+(4/4)=1 or 44^(4-4)

(4*4)/(4+4)=2

(4+4+4)/4=3

Sqrt (4*4)+(4-4)=4

Sqrt (4*4)+(4/4)=5

Sqrt (4)*(4-(4/4))=6

(4+4)-(4/4)=7

(4+4)*(4/4)=8

(4+4)+(4/4)=9

(4*4)-(4+sqrt4)=10

6. student,canopy,thirst,... are the words given.u have to group the words using the following words
1)Master
2) Teacher
3) Deft
etc.

It is nothing but match the following

7. U have to cut a Pizza using 7 st. lines(wit out rearranging) and u have to obtain maximum number of pieces.( Give generalised solution..)

(27)=128

8 A problem from sum of Alphabets are given numbers from 1 - 9 we hav to assign numbers to alphabets and A+B+C= something like that we have to know value of E

Question incomplete

9.In an exam consists of 150 questions, 50 questions are of mathematics and remaining are others. In which twice the time is to be given to mathematics bit when compared to others.total time is 3 hrs then how much time is to be given to each bit of mathematics?

Let x be the time taken by the other subjects then time taken maths is 2x

Then 50(2x)+100(x) =180

100x+100x=180

200x=180

X=9/10

Then time taken by the maths =2*9/10*60=108sec

10)In an multiple choice question paper, each correct answer carries 4 marks and each wrong answer deducts 2 marks. a person scores 480 marks in a 150 questions paper how many questions he did correctly?

Let the correct ans be x and wrong ans be y

Then X+Y=150 à(1)

And for 1 crt ans it carry 4mark and for 1 wrng it carry 2 mark

Then 4X-2Y=480à(2) then mul eq(1) with 2 and add with eq(2)

Then Y terms will be cancelled then we get eq as 6X=780 then X=130

11)A problem on work and time. A can do a work in 6 days B can do same work in 8 days, C can complete the same in 12 days.A under took 3 works like that and did for 8 days and left. Then B started work and did for some days and left then in how many days C completes this work?

No of day work by B is not given. If data is given we should have to submit in this formula m(a)+n(b)+o(c)=1

12)total M persons want to buy a gift of D Rs. Out of which 3 members are dropped out so how much each person have to pay extra ?

Let no.of rupees per head is =D/M

Now 3 members dropped ,no .of rupees per 3mem is =3(D/M)

Then this amount should be divided between rest of the members i.e. M-3

Then =3(D/M)/ (M-3)

=3D/M(M-3)

13)A monkey trying to ascend a greesy pole.He ascends 20 mtrs in one minute and goes down 4 mtrs in next minute.how much time it will take to ascend pole of 96 mtrs?

20 -1min

16-2min

36-3min

32-4min

52-5min

48-6min

68-7min

64-8min

84-9min

80-10min

96-10min 48sec

1min(60sec)-20mts

1sec=20/60=1/3mts

16mts remaining

Remaining time 16*3=48sec

14)On a good if 25% discount is given, he will earn profit of 25% what will be profit if he gives 10% discount?

S.P=0.75d

S.P=1.25c.p equating both

1.25c.p=0.75d

5c.p=3d à(1)

Xc.p=0.9d

c.p=0.9d*(5/3)d

c.p=1.5

so 50% is the profit.

15)A container has 64 lit of alcohol. 8 lit of which is removed and added with same amt of water. the same process is repeated 3times. what is the percentage of alcohol after the end of the
operations.
ans-

There is a direct formula

X(1-y/x)n

Where X is quantity present in the container

Y is quantity removed

n is no.of process

after the end of third operation is

=64(1-8/64)3

=42.875

16)x+y+z=0, find the value of (x**3+y**3+z**3)/xyz.

Formula of a3+b3+c3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ac)

If a+b+c=0 then a3+b3+c3=3abc

=(xyz)/ (xyz)

=1

17)3 men n 2boys can do piece of work in 12 days. same work is done by 6men n 1 boy in 6 days. find how many days can a man alone can complete the work?

Here 3m+2b=1/12 à(1)

6m+1b=1/6 à(2)

Mul eq(2)with 2 and sub eq(1) from this

Then b will be cancelled

M=1/36

36 days

18)In an exam the maximum marks is 500. a got 20% more than b, b got 25% less than c, c got 20% more than d. if b marks are 360 then how much did d score? (no. r different prob type is the same.)

Here marks scored by B is given i.e 360 and we should have to take it as 100%(w.r.t B)and we should have to solve the problems

Now marks scored by A is 20%more than B then A=marks scored byB*1.2

A=360*1.2

=432

Marks scored by C is 25% more than B(since B score is 25%less than C means C is 25%more than B)

C=360*1.25

=450

For D we should have take ref of C, D=marks of C*0.8

=450*0.8

=360

18) Find the odd word
ALPHA
DELTA
SIGMA
BETA
Ans: Delta, Reason: as it has specific meaning(addition)and others don't

19)You are given a bunch of threads each having differing length. No two thereads have same thickness and no thread has same length. But it is certified that any thread when lit burns itself in exactly 12 mins. The question is you are asked to find an elapsed time of 9 minuites. How can u find it out and how many threads do u want for this?

Whatever may be the length and thickness the time taken by the thread to burn is 12min. Then take two threads T1,T2 lit T1on both sides and T2 on one side. After 6min T1will be completely burnt then lit theT2 which is half burnt in first 6min for another 3min T2will completely burns. Total time is 9 min.

20)How can u get 81 using the digits 2,3,25,50,75,100 only once using any of the arithmatic operator Key Steps: 50+(100/75*3)+25+2

Sol:(100/75) is (4/3) and multiplied by 3 then the ans is 4 and we should nave to add with other i.e.50+25+2+4=81

This type of question are repeatedly giving in every paper so be prepared to do such questions using all arithmetic operators.

21)one question from series

22)one question from venndiagram

23)Attention to details:
In this section, some questions like the following are given--
if $ represents 1 n * represents 0; then wt is the value ****$$$$

Whatever they may give just see what is given to 0 and1 and don’t concentrate on other i.e. other will be double to 2 means $* and for 3 $$ like that...

Some examples are 0 is denoted as * and 1 as @

Or 0 is denoted as * and 1 as $ all these are in binary form

****$$$$ here $=1 and 0=* convert it into binary form i.e.

00001111=15

Virtusa Placement Paper

2008-07-01T17:37:00.000-07:00

section I duration 20 min total marks 30

A problem from sum of Alphabets are given numbers from 1 - 9 we hav to assign numbers to alphabets and A+B+C= something like that we have to know value of E ( Ans : 4)

x^y=2x+y and given that 2^a=a^3 find value of a?(Ans : a=1)

In an exam consists of 150 questions, 50 questions are of mathematics and remaining are others. In which twice the time is to be given to mathematics bit when compared to others.total time is 3 hrs then how much time is to be given to each bit of mathematics? (Ans : 72 sec or 1 min 12 sec)

In an multiple choice question paper, each correct answer carries 4 marks and each wrong answer deducts 2 marks. a person scores 480 marks in a 150 questions paper how many questions he did correctly? (Ans :130)

A problem on mixtures

A problem on ven diagrams. It was a little bit lengthy to read and to remember ...sorry

A simple problem on probability...............its direct question. A bag contain 5 red and 7 green balls and another bag contain some no. of red and green balls.He asked to find probability of finding a red ball.

A problem on work and time. A can do a work in 6 days B can do same work in 8 days, C can complete the same in 12 days.A under took 3 works like that and did for 8 days and left. Then B started work and did for some days and left then in how many days C completes this work?

y=inv(cos[cosx+4sinx]/sqrt17) then dy/dx=? (Ans :1)

total M persons want to buy a gift of D Rs. Out fo which 3 members are dropped out so how much each person have to pay extra ? (Ans:3D/m(m-3) )(check)

A problem is on series 1 + 1(1+1/n)+3(1+1/n)2(square)+5(1+1/n)3(cube)+.................find sum of n terms
( I not did this problem)

A monkey trying to ascend a greesy pole.He ascends 20 mtrs in one minute and goes down 4 mtrs in next minute.how much time it will take to ascend pole of 96 mtrs? (Ans:10 min 48 sec)

On a good if 25% discount is given, he will earn profit of 25% what will be profit if he gives 10% discount?
(Ans:50%)

I don't remember what this qustion is ...........sorry

A container has 64 lit of alcohol. 8 lit of which is removed and added with same amt of water. the same process is repeated 3times. what is the percentage of alcohol after the end of the
operations.
ans- formula – intial vol – p lit(64).
vol of removed sol – q lit(8).
no of oprs – n(3).
concentration of first liquid afetr oprts is – ((p-q)/p)*((64-8)/64)**3.

x+y+z=0, find the value of (x**3+y**3+z**3)/xyz.

3 men n 2boys can do piece of work in 12 days. same work is done by 6men n 1 boy in 6 days. find how many days can a man alone can complete the work?

In an exam the maximum marks is 500. a got 20% more than b, b got 25% less than c, c got 20% more than d. if b marks are 360 then how much did d score? (no. r different prob type is the same.).

A tank holds 25 gallons of fuel. before going for a drive which is at a distance of 600 miles. the car goes at a speed of 60 miles per/ hr. however the tank has a hole and fuel leaks out . after travelling a distance of 300 miles, the tank gets emptied. find rate at which fuel gets lost.

Section II Duration :20 mins Marks :20

This paper is on C language

Write a program to know whether string is palindrome or not?

A C program is given and asked what will be output.............

A Recursive function is given asked what will be output how and why?

write a prg / function to remove the duplicate from a sorted array. (8 m)

write a prg to genrate fibonacci series upto 100 recursively. (7 m)

predict the output of the following:
char c[]={ " enter" , "first" , "print" , "new" }.;
char **cp[]={c+3, c+2, c+1, c};
char ***cpp[]=cp;
printf("%s", ++*cp);
printf("%s",--*++cp);

A program given and asked what are variables value1 and value2 stores?(ie, in that program they store GCD and LCM)

Write a program to sort linked list.

Section III Duration :20 mins Marks:40

1) & 2) are like critical reasoning in barrens

3) & 4) are antonyms (he didn't ask antonyms directly but asked the word in capitals if replaced by any of following, that would be inapproriate in context )

5) & 6) analogies

7) & 8) correct the sentense with appropriate answer from the options given below
9) & 10) are pick oddman out...........easy one

Essay writing:

1)Time and tide wait for none.

2)My vision 2020 of India